The Epistle on Metaphor (Risālat al-Istiʿārah By Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Ṣawbajahʾī al-Āydīnī al-Rūmī (d. 1172 AH/1758 CE) (A Study and Critical Edition)
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Abstract
This research examines a valuable manuscript by the author Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Ṣubuji al-Aydini al-Rumi (d. 1172 AH). In it, he discusses metaphor and related concepts, literal and figurative speech along with their types and relationships, as well as allusion all presented concisely without excessive elaboration. He supports his arguments with Quranic examples, noble Prophetic hadiths, and poetic verses.
The manuscript is relatively short, consisting of only four folios, though some words were challenging to decipher
Methodology. The author's approach is characterized by simplicity, clarity, and avoidance of complexity, steering clear of unnecessary elaboration. As for rhetorical terms such as metaphor and its types, and metonymy and its types, I found that he had explicitly stated them, defining them as well. I also found that he relied on the works of earlier scholars in many areas, particularly those of Al-Zamakhshari, Al-Sakkaki, and Al-Khatib Al-Qazwini. Additionally, I found that his citations varied between the Holy Quran, the honorable prophetic traditions, and eloquent poetic verses. I also noticed that he explicitly mentions proper names, sometimes including their titles, and I found that he presents questions and objections on certain issues, followed by his responses, stating his opinions. Above all, I found that he began his thesis by praising and thanking God, the Almighty.
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