Egyptian and Israeli Strategy towards Somalia and Eritrea during 1981-2011
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Abstract
The regions of Somalia and Eritrea experienced a significant rivalry between Egypt and Israel, which unfolded over a crucial historical period lasting nearly three decades. Efforts to navigate the dynamics of tension and attraction between the two parties have been observed, with a noticeable advantage currently favoring the Israeli side. This shift is attributed to its influence in the region and the backing of significant nations, particularly the United States, as well as various international organizations. The strategies of Egypt and Israel concerning Somalia, particularly in the context of recent tensions with Ethiopia, reveal contrasting approaches. Initially, both countries leaned towards supporting Ethiopia and garnering substantial backing from major powers like the United States against Somalia. After 2001, Israel managed to enter Somalia, claiming to offer humanitarian assistance. Conversely, Egypt advocated for peaceful resolutions and was against foreign intervention in the conflicts between Somalia and Ethiopia.In 1983, Egypt took a neutral position on Eritrea, reiterating its dedication to non-interference in African matters during multiple summits. After Eritrea gained independence in 1991, Egypt acknowledged the new situation and formed bilateral agreements with Ethiopia. Conversely, Israel offered significant assistance to Eritrea, with the goal of developing a strong military to counter potential threats from Ethiopia, Sudan, and Yemen. This assistance encompassed collaborative military training initiatives, arms transactions, and educational scholarships for Eritrean students and faculty.
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