NaderShah Al-Afshari and His Role in the Persian-Ottoman Conflict until 1733 AD.: Baghdad Province as an Example
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Abstract
The Ottoman-Persian conflict, which lasted for several centuries, is an important topic in the history of international relations in the modern era, as the Safavid state, which ruled Persia between the years 1501 and 1736 AD., entered into a clash and competition with its Ottoman neighbors due to several overlapping politicail, economic, sectarian, and ethnic factors and reasons.
The first clash between the two powers occurred during the reign of Ismail l 1501-1524, and this clash continued until the emergence of Nadershah in lran heralded important military and political transformations in the region that Iraq suffered. This leader was able to take advantage of the of chaos and division that prevailed in Iran as a result of the Afghan, Russian and Ottoman invasion to expand his influence, after the defeat of the Afghans, the next step was to conclude the Treaty of Rasht with Russia. This treaty secured Iran’s northern borders, Nadershah turned to his Ottoman opponents. Despite the peace treaties that were only a temporary postponement of disputes, there was no real peace between them, as Nadershah had hardly finished eliminating the internal disturbances in his country until he returned again to attacking Iraq. Therefore the Ottomans were unable to make peace due to fulfill his dreams of conquering Baghdad. However, Nadershah was unable to control Baghdad despite all of his achievements, as he was eventually forced to give the bulk of his attention to the uprising that began to grow in southern Persia, which saved Baghdad once again from falling under the Persian grip .
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