The Historical and the Cultural Gab in Mesopotamia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Throughout the history of Mesopotamia, there were various periods of rule characterized by the presence of different groups. These groups included the indigenous people who contributed to the progress and development of the civilization. Additionally, there were conquerors who seized power through force, but were ultimately ineffective and unsuccessful in their attempts to integrate with Mesopotamian society. As a result, the population of this country began to experience a decline in cohesion. The area failed to ignite the spark of growth that originated in Mesopotamia. Due to its inferior cultural and social capabilities, this civilization failed to make any significant contributions to the development of Mesopotamia. Instead, it acted as an alien entity within the society, causing a significant disruption in documenting political events and hindering progress in the country. Thus, we see that the progression of civilization in Mesopotamia was often disrupted by these individuals. The invaders have significantly disrupted the political and cultural operations of this esteemed nation, resulting in several gaps.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Bahija Khalil Ismail, “Writing,” Iraqi Civilization, Part 1, Baghdad, 1985.
- Jacques Perrin, The Sumerians in History, translated by Azmi Sukkar, Beirut, 1999
- John Oates, Babylon, An Illustrated History, translated by Samir Abdul Rahim Al-Chalabi, Baghdad, 1990.
- Daniel T. Potts, Mesopotamian Civilization, Material Foundations, translated by Kazem Saad al-Din, reviewed by Ismail Hajara, Baghdad, 2006.
- George Rowe, Old Iraq, translated by Hussein Alwan Hussein, reviewed by Dr. Fadel Abdel Wahed Ali, Baghdad, 1984.
- Reda Jawad Al-Hashemi, Camels and Horses in the Ancient Eastern World, Beirut, 2014
- Stephanie Daly, Mari and Karana (Two Ancient Babylonian Cities), translated by Kazem Saad al-Din, Baghdad 2008.
- Farouk Nasser Al-Rawi, “Sciences and Knowledge,” Iraqi Civilization, Part 2, Baghdad, 1985.
- Taha Baqir, Introduction to Ancient Iraqi Literature, Baghdad, 1976
- Taha Baqir, Fadel Abdel Wahed Ali, and Amer Suleiman, History of Ancient Iraq, Part One, Baghdad, 1980
- Taha Baqir, Introduction to the Brief History of Ancient Civilizations in the History of Mesopotamian Civilization, Part One, Baghdad, Second Edition, 1986.
- Harry Saggs, The Greatness of Babylon, translated by Dr. Amer Suleiman, Mosul, 1979
- Harry Sacks, The Power of Assyria, translated by Dr. Amer Suleiman, Baghdad, 1999
- - Muhammad Al-Asaad bin Bu Bakr Al-Hafsi, The Greek invasion of Mesopotamia (331-126 BC), unpublished master’s thesis, University of Mosul, College of Arts, 2003.
- Muhannad Ashour Shanawa, The patheon of the Gods in the Mesopotamian Civilization in Light of Cuneiform Texts, unpublished master’s thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Arts, Department of Archeology, 2000.
- Muhannad Ashour Shinawa, “Tokens and the Beginning of Writing in Mesopotamia,” Essen Journal of Antiquities, History, and Ancient Languages, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq, January - June, Issue 1, 2021
- Nael Hanoun, The Code of Hammurabi, translation of the cuneiform text with linguistic explanations, linguistic rules - Introduction to Sharia - Legal Article 1-100, Part 1, Baghdad, 2003