Political Employment of Good and Evil By King Darius in Suppressing (522-486 BC) Rebels and Revolutionist
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aims to explore the political use of the dichotomy between good and evil, as well as its expressions, under the rule of King Darius the First. It focuses on analyzing the Behistun Inscription texts and their artistic depictions. The study aims to elucidate the military duties involved in crisis management that the government encountered, highlighting their positive aspects. Conversely, there were contrasting notions pertaining to revolt, anarchy, noncompliance, and resistance against governmental power, which Darius denounced as falsehoods and represented as malevolent. The purpose of the Behistun Inscription was to communicate a propagandistic message, emphasizing the protagonist's fight against the malevolent powers of rebellion and separatism. It aimed to portray this conflict as a righteous battle between good and evil, with the protagonist representing the forces of good and seeking to vanquish the forces of evil and terminate their existence.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
The Holy Bible / Old Testament
Persian Sources and References:
- Efkandeh, Ehsan, (2018). Origin and Purpose of Achaemenid Inscriptions in Bisotun, Iranian History Quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 1, Spring and Summer.
- Brian, Pierre Brian, (2002). The History of Achaemenid Empire, translated by Nahid Forouzan, 1st Edition, Farzan Rooz Publications, Tehran.
- Boyce, Mary, (1996). The Zoroastrian Religion: History of Zoroastrianism, translated by Homayoun San'ati Zadeh, Tehran, Volume 2, Achaemenids.
- Javidi, Nasser, and Pour, Maryam Hassan. (2010). The Reasons for Choosing the Location of Bisotun Inscription by Darius the Great, Scientific-Research Journal of Islamic and Iranian History, Al-Zahra University, Volume 26, New Series, No. 30, Summer.
- Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar, (2007). Lughat Nameh, Volume 13, Publisher: Daneshkadeh Publications, Tehran.
- Ralph Norman Sharp, (2003). Inscriptions of the Achaemenid Kings, Pazineh Publications, Tehran.
- Schader, Hans Henning, (1956). The World of Shadar, Translated by Davood Monshi Zadeh, Tehran.
- Sharo P.A., (2012). Achaemenians and Avesta, Translated by Kazem Firuzmand, In Pursuit of Iranian Empire, Volume 8-8, Edited by Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis and Sarah Stewart, Tehran, Markaz.
- Klemens Hovard, (1984). Iran and Iranian Civilization, Translated by Hassan Anoosheh, Amir Kabir Publications, Tehran.
- Roland Kent, (2012). Ancient Persian, Syntax of Texts, Glossaries, Translated by Saeed Arian, Tehran, Elmi.
- Geiger, Gayo Weedan, (1998). Religions of Iran, Translated by Manuchehr Farhang, Tehran, Agahaneh Abdeh.
- Golzari, Masoud, (1978). Kermanshah - Kurdistan, National Monuments Society Publications, Tehran.
- Locog, Pierre, (2007). Achaemenid Inscriptions, Translated by Nazila Khal Khali, Tehran, Nashr va Pazhoohesh Farzan Rooz, 2nd Edition.
- Maria Brosius, (2009). Achaemenid Empire, from Cyrus the Great to Ardeshir I, Translated by Hayede Moshayi, Tehran, Mahi.
- Malandra, William W., (2014). Introduction to Ancient Iranian Religion, Translated by Khosrow Gholizadeh, Book Barsa.
- Mahsal, Mohammad Taqi Rashid, (2011). Ancient Iranian Inscriptions, Cultural Research Office, Tehran.
- Hinlz, John, (2007). Understanding Iranian Myths, Translated by Zhaleh Amozaqar and Ahmad Nofzali, Tehran, Cheshmeh.
- Wissophor Zuzef, (2011). Ancient Iran, Translated by Morteza Saqafar, Phoenix Publications, Tehran.
- Vodigers, Mehdi Khansari, (2004). Iranian Garden, Translated by Consulting Engineers Aran, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization, Tehran.
Arabic Sources and References:
- Ibn al-Athir (1987). Abu al-Hasan Ali Ibn Abi al-Karam, Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Translated by Abu al-Fadl Abdullah al-Qadi, Vol. 1, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut.
- Isma'il, Nuri, (1999). Zoroastrian Religion: Mazdaism, Dar Alaa Al-Din, 3rd Edition, Damascus.
- Al-Jaf, Hassan Karim, (2008). Al-Wajiz fi Tarikh Iran, 2nd Edition, Dar Urass for Printing and Publishing, Erbil, Iraq.
- Hamoud, Muhammad Ghanim Hamoud, (2022). Political Conditions in the Achaemenid State during the Reign of King Darius I, 522-486 BCE, Master's Thesis, College of Education for Human Sciences, Wasit University.
- Samar, Saad Abood, (2023). Archaeology of Divine Providence in the Beliefs of the Ancient Near East, Part Two, Tammouz Publishing, Damascus.
- Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir, (Year not specified). History of the Prophets and Kings, Edited by Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, Dar al-Ma'arif.
- Abd al-Latif, Susan Abbas, (Year not specified). Egyptian Influences in the Architecture of Iranian Palaces and Tombs during the Achaemenid Era, Chapter 5, University of Alexandria (Gyomata), College of Education.
- Herodotus, (1886). Herodotus's Famous History, Translated by Habib Efendi, The Press of St. George, Beirut.