The First Protestant Denominations in the USA: Puritans as a model
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The (Protestant) religious reforms were the most important in formulating the vision of life in the settlements or the first American states. The Catholic Church retained its powers until the end of the Middle Ages while acknowledging corruption and the need to reform it, and its calls continued to spread the conflict with the growth of the national spirit. At the beginning of the sixth century Tenth, the German religious reformer and professor of theology Martin Luther (1483-1546 AD) appeared, who hastened to put forward the idea of theological reform, which was accepted by the majority of northern European countries and refused to recognize the absolute sovereignty of the Pope and established Protestant churches for each country. One of the most important works of Martin Luther that shook The Catholic Church, which was the beginning of the reform and conflict, is (The Ninety-Five Issues), which is a list of protests that he hung on the door of the main cathedral in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517 AD, thus counting the absolute of the era of religious reform in Europe after his objection to many things in the church, the most important of which Forgiveness instruments. Came after Martin Luther the most influential Protestant John Calvin (1509 - 1564 AD), the founder of Calvinism (which the Puritans followed), which became the national refuge for the middle classes, as he published his famous work in 1534 (Organizations of the Christian Religion).
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Joseph Raghd:
The World in Your Hands, Arab Book House, Damascus, 1974.
Sherine Said Shalaby:
American History Brief, Cairo, 2000.
Abdul Aziz Sulaiman Nawar:
History of Modern Europe, Cairo, 1999.
Abdul Aziz Sulaiman and Nawar and Abdul Majeed Al-Na'a'ee:
History of the Modern United States of America, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya for Printing and Publishing, Beirut.
Abdul Fattah Hassan Abu Alia:
History of the Americas and the Political Formation of the United States of America, Dar Al-Marikh Publishing, Riyadh, 1407H.
Frank Lambert:
Religion in American Politics, Translated by: Abdullatif Musa Abu Al-Basal, Riyadh, 1436H.
Karim Sobh:
United States of America Studies in Social and Political History, Thaer Al-Amami Foundation, Baghdad, 2017.
Louis Perry:
History of Cultural Life in America, translated by Ahmed Al-Ani, Amman, 1990.
Muhammad Mahmud al-Nubrab:
Introduction to the History of the United States of America, 1, New Culture House, Cairo, 1997.
Melton Meltzer:
Milestones of Freedom, Translated by: Ahmed Ezzat Taha, Dar Al-Yizraa Arabic for Composition, Translation and Publishing, Damascus, 1961.
Henry Banford:
History of the United States of America, translation: Ali al-Badiri, Cairo.
Wel Durant:
Encyclopedia of the Story of Civilization, Age of Reason England, Translated by: Muhammad Ali Abu Durra, Nobles, Beirut, 2008, Volume 40.
Larry Ellister:
The Government of the United States of America, translation: Jaber Said Awad, Cairo, 1996.
Oscar Handlin :
America .A History , New york , 1968.