Electronic Blackmail and its Impact on Society: - A Contemporary Jurisprudence Study
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Electronic extortion is a process of threatening and intimidating the victim by publishing pictures or film materials or leaking confidential information belonging to the victim, in exchange for payment of sums of money, or exploiting the victim to carry out illegal acts for the benefit of the extortionists, such as disclosing confidential information about the business or other illegal acts. The crime of electronic extortion is one of the crimes that have been developed due to the great progress in information technology, which has made the world a small village, and has facilitated many matters of life, and the benefits of this development in the economic, political, social and scientific aspects are not hidden, but it is not without flaws, it has facilitated Because of the emergence of a type of translators who use these techniques to carry out their crimes, electronic extortion is extortion that is carried out using modern technological capabilities against victims, most of whom are women, to blackmail them financially or sexually. . Victims are usually trolled by e-mail or various social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other social media due to its wide spread and great use by all segments of society. Electronic extortion is increasing in light of the growing number of social media users and the acceleration witnessed in the number of various chat programs.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
The Holy Quran First, the books:
- Extortion (the concept - causes - treatment), Fayez Abdullah Al-Shehri, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1432 AH - 2011 AD.
- Sexual crime, d. Nisreen Abdel Hamid Nabih, New University House, 2008 AD, Egypt_Alexandria.
- Electronic fraud, the art of penetrating minds (social engineering), Khaled Abdullah Hammadi, Iraqi Ministry of Interior - Director of Relations and Information, 2019.
- Provisions of reprimanding in Islamic Sharia, d. Abdulaziz Amer, Arab Thought House, 4th floor, 1428 AH / 2007 AD, Egypt, Cairo.
- Al-Ahkam Al-Sultaniyya, Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Habib Al-Basri Al-Baghdadi, known as Al-Mawardi, d.: 450 AH, Dar Al-Hadith - Cairo.
- Asna Al-Matalib in Sharh Rawd Al-Talib, Zakaria Bin Muhammad Bin Zakaria Al-Ansari, Zain Al-Din Abu Yahya Al-Siniki, T: 926 AH, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Islami.
- Anis Al-Fuqaha’ in Definitions of Words Circulating Among the Scholars, Qasim bin Abdullah bin Amir Ali Al-Qunawi Al-Rumi Al-Hanafi, T: 978 AH, investigated by Yahya Hassan Murad, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmia, Edition 2004AD-1424 AH.
- The Clear Sea, Explanation of the Treasure of Minutes, Zain Al-Din Bin Ibrahim Bin Muhammad, known as Ibn Najim Al-Masry, d.: 970 AH, and at the end: The sequel to the Clear Sea by Muhammad Bin Hussein Bin Ali Al-Turi Al-Hanafi Al-Qadri, T. after 1138 AH, and in the footnote: The Creator’s Grant to Ibn Abdeen, Dar al-Kitab al-Islami, 2nd floor - undated.
- The bride’s crown from the jewels of the dictionary, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Razzaq al-Husayni, Abu al-Fayd, nicknamed Murtada, al-Zubaidi, d.: 1205 AH, investigation: a group of investigators, Dar al-Hidaya.
- The rulers’ insight into the origins of the districts and the methods of rulings, Ibrahim bin Ali bin Muhammad, Ibn Farhoun, Burhan Al-Din Al-Yamari, d.: 799 AH, Al-Azhar Colleges Library, 1, 1406 AH - 1986 AD.
- Islamic criminal legislation in comparison with positive law, Abdel Qader Odeh, 1, 1429 AH - 2008 AD, Lebanon, Beirut.
- Al-Jami’ Al-Musnad Al-Sahih Al-Mukhtasar from the matters of the Messenger of God, peace be upon him, his Sunnah and his days = Sahih Al-Bukhari, Muhammad bin Ismail Abu Abdullah Al-Bukhari Al-Ja’fi, achieved by Muhammad Zuhair bin Nasser Al-Nasser, Dar Tawq Al-Najat (Illustrated by the Sultaniyah by adding the numbering of Muhammad Fouad Abdul-Baqi’s numbering) , 1st floor, 1422 AH.
- The Collector of the Rulings of the Qur’an = Interpretation of Al-Qurtubi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Abi Bakr bin Farah Al-Ansari Al-Khazraji Shams Al-Din Al-Qurtubi, T: 671 AH, investigated by: Ahmed Al-Baradouni and Ibrahim Atfayesh, Egyptian Book House - Cairo, 2nd Edition, 1384 AH - 1964 AD. 14- Crimes of defamation, slander and humiliation committed through electronic media, the Internet, the mobile phone network and through traditional and automated media and publications, a legal study, by the lawyer Dr.: Adel Azzam Saqf Al-Hayt, 1, 1432 AH _2011 AD, House of Culture, Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
- The crime of kidnapping, general and special provisions, and related crimes, d. Abdulwahab bin Abdullah Al-Omari, House of Shatat for Publishing and Software, Egypt, and House of Legal Books, Egypt.
- Crime and Punishment in Islamic Jurisprudence, Muhammad Abu Zahra, Edition 1988 AD, Arab Thought House.
- The response of Al-Muhtar to Al-Durr Al-Mukhtar, (Footnote of Ibn Abdeen), Ibn Abdeen, Muhammad Amin Ibn Omar Ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Dimashqi al-Hanafi, T: 1252 AH, Dar Al-Fikr - Beirut, 2nd floor, 1412 AH - 1992 AD.
- The discretionary authority of the judge in Islamic jurisprudence, Dr. Mahmoud Barakat, i 1, 1427 AH - 2007 AD, Dar Al-Nafaes, Amman, Jordan.
- Sunan al-Tirmidhi: Muhammad ibn Issa al-Tirmidhi, d. 279 AH, investigated by Bashar Awwad, Dar al-Gharb al-Islami _ Beirut 1988 CE.
- Explanation of the Penal Code (General Section), d. Fakhri Abdul-Razzaq Salbi Al-Hadithi, Al-Zaman Press, Baghdad, 1992 AD
- Al-Sahih The Crown of Language and Arabic Sahih, Abu Nasr Ismail bin Hammad Al-Gawhari Al-Farabi, T: 393 AH; Investigation: Ahmed Abdel Ghafour Attar; House of Science for Millions - Beirut; 4th floor (1407 AH - 1987 AD).
- Sahih and weak Al-Jami Al-Saghir and its addition, Abu Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Nasir al-Din, ibn al-Hajj Noah ibn Najati ibn Adam, al-Ashqudari al-Albani, T.: 1420 AH, the Islamic Bureau.
- Sahih and weak Sunan Ibn Majah, Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani, d.: 1420 AH, book source: The Hadith Investigation System Program - free - produced by the Noor al-Islam Center for Quran and Sunnah Research in Alexandria, 2/858, 1/257, al-Albani said a hadith about him correct.
- Students of the students, Omar bin Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Ismail, Abu Hafs, Najm Al-Din Al-Nasafi, T: 537 AH, Al-Amrah Press, Al-Muthanna Library in Baghdad, without edition, 1311 AH.
-Unappreciated financial penalty, d. Muhammad Abd Rabbo Muhammad al-Sabhi, Dar al-Fikr al-Jamii, publication year 2007 AD, Egypt, Alexandria.
- Islamic jurisprudence and its evidence (comprehensive legal evidence, doctrinal opinions, the most important jurisprudence theories and the realization and graduation of the Prophetic hadiths), a. Dr.. Wahba bin Mustafa Al-Zuhaili, Professor and Head of the Department of Islamic Jurisprudence and its Fundamentals, University of Damascus - College of Sharia, Dar Al-Fikr - Syria - Damascus, 4th Edition.
- Rules of Judgments in the interests of people, Abu Muhammad Izz al-Din Abd al-Salam ibn Abi al-Qasim ibn al-Hasan al-Sulami al-Dimashqi, nicknamed Sultan of Scholars (T.: 660 AH), reviewed and commented on by: Taha Abd al-Raouf Saad, Library of Al-Azhar Colleges - Cairo, ( She was photographed by several publications, such as: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya - Beirut, and Dar Umm al-Qura - Cairo), edition: new, revised, corrected, 1414 AH - 1991 AD.
- The Book of Definitions, Ali bin Muhammad bin Ali Al-Zain Al-Sharif Al-Jurjani, T.: 816 AH, verified, controlled and corrected by a group of scholars under the supervision of the publisher, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmia, Beirut - Lebanon, 1, (1403 AH-1983 AD).
- Kashf Al-Asrar, Explanation of the Origins of Al-Bazdawi, Abdul Aziz bin Ahmed bin Muhammad, Alaa Al-Din Al-Bukhari Al-Hanafi, T.: 730 AH, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Islami.
- Colleges: A Dictionary of Terminology and Linguistic Differences, Ayoub bin Musa Al-Husseini Al-Quraimi Al-Kafwi, Abu Al-Baqa Al-Hanafi, T: 1094 AH, investigated, Adnan Darwish - Muhammad Al-Masry, Al-Resala Foundation - Beirut. 31- Lisan al-Arab, Muhammad ibn Makram ibn Ali, Abu al-Fadl, Jamal al-Din Ibn Manzur al-Ansari al-Ruwafa’i al-Ifriqi, d.: 711 AH, Dar Sader - Beirut, 3rd - 1414 AH.
- Al-Majmo’ Al-Mughith fi Gharibi Al-Quran and Hadith, Muhammad bin Omar bin Ahmed bin Omar bin Muhammad Al-Asbahani Al-Madani, Abu Musa, d.: 581 AH, investigated by: Abdul Karim Al-Azabawi, Umm Al-Qura University, Dar Al-Madani for printing, publishing and distribution, Jeddah - Saudi Arabia. 1st Edition (1406 A.H. - 1986 A.D.).
- Al-Hakam and the Greatest Ocean, Abu Al-Hassan Ali bin Ismail bin Sayeda Al-Mursi, T.: 458 AH, investigated by Abdul Hamid Hindawi, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmia - Beirut, 1, 1421 AH - 2000 AD.
- Mukhtar al-Sahah, Zain al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr ibn Abd al-Qadir al-Hanafi al-Razi, T.: 666 AH, investigative: Youssef Sheikh Muhammad, Al-Mattabah Al-Asriya - Al-Dar Al-Tamazilah, Beirut - Saida, 5th edition, 1420 AH / 1999AD.
- Summary of Sunan Abi Dawood, Al-Hafiz Abdul-Azim bin Abdul-Qawi Al-Mandhari, T.: 656 AH, achieved by Muhammad Subhi bin Hassan Hallaq (Abu Musab) The ruling of the Al-Albani Muhaddith was placed on hadiths” “at the request of the owner of Al-Maaref Library - Riyadh, as he has the right to do so”], Al-Maaref Library for Publishing and Distribution, Riyadh - Saudi Arabia, 1, 1431 AH - 2010 AD.
- Al-Musnad Al-Sahih Brief Transmitting Justice from Justice to the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, Sahih Muslim, Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj Abu Al-Hasan Al-Qushayri Al-Naysaburi, T. 261 AH, verified by Muhammad Fouad Abdul Baqi, House of Revival of Arab Heritage - Beirut.
- The Lighting Lamp in Gharib al-Sharh al-Kabeer, Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Ali al-Fayoumi, then al-Hamawi, Abu al-Abbas, d.: about 770 AH, Scientific Library - Beirut.
- The original etymological dictionary of the words of the Noble Qur’an: Dr. Muhammad Hassan Hassan Jabal; Literature Library - Cairo; 1st floor (2010 AD).
- A Dictionary of the Language of Jurists, Muhammad Rawas Qalaji - Hamid Sadiq Quneibi, Dar Al-Nafaes for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 2nd Edition, (1408 A.H. - 1988 A.D.).
- A Dictionary of Language Measures, Ahmed bin Faris bin Zakaria Al-Qazwini Al-Razi, Abu Al-Hussein, T: 395 A.H., investigated by: Abdul Salam Muhammad Haroun, Dar Al-Fikr, (1399 A.H. - 1979 A.D.).
- Mughni in need of knowing the meanings of the expressions of the curriculum, Shams Al-Din, Muhammad bin Ahmed Al-Khatib Al-Sherbiny Al-Shafi’i, d. 977 AH, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, 1, 1415 AH - 1994 AD.
- Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudamah, Abu Muhammad Muwaffaq al-Din Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Qudamah al-Jama’ili al-Maqdisi, then al-Dimashqi al-Hanbali, famous for Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi, 620 AH, Cairo Library, without edition, 1388 AH - 1968 AD.
- Al-Muqni’ in the jurisprudence of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal Al-Shaibani, may God have mercy on him, Muwaffaq Al-Din Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Qudamah Al-Maqdisi, T.: 620 AH, presented to him and translated by its author: Abdul Qadir Al-Arnaoot, verified and commented on by: Mahmoud Al-Arnaout, Yassin Mahmoud Al-Khatib, Al-Sawadi Library for Distribution, Jeddah - Saudi Arabia, 1, 1421 AH - 2000 AD.
- The End of the Needy Explanation of the Curriculum, Shams Al-Din Muhammad bin Abi Al-Abbas Ahmed bin Hamza Shihab Al-Din Al-Ramli, T: 1004 AH, Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, last edition - 1404 AH / 1984 AD.
Second: Research, letters and theses:
- Extortion: Concept and Reality, Saleh bin Abdullah bin Humaid, research published within the research of the blackmail symposium.
- Blackmailing girls, its rulings and punishment in Islamic jurisprudence, d. Noura bint Abdullah bin Muhammad Al-Mutlaq, Associate Professor, Department of Jurisprudence, College of Sharia, Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University.
- Extortion, its definition, types, causes, and treatment, Abdul Karim Al Rabah and others, Hisbah Department, Umm Al-Qura University, 1430 AH (unpublished research).
- Extortion and the role of the General Presidency of the Commission for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Evil in combating it, within the research of the blackmail symposium, by Sheikh Abdulaziz bin Humayn Al-Humayn.
- The charge of extortion, d. Sultan bin Omar Al-Hussein, within the research of the Hisbah symposium.
- Media and public relations in charitable organizations, Othman Al-Amer.
- The crime of blackmailing women and the role of the Hesba apparatus in combating it, by Sheikh Falah Muhammad Al-Shammari.
- The crime of blackmail, a comparative study, Muhammad bin Abdul Mohsen bin Shahloub, Higher Institute of the Judiciary - Department of Sharia Politics - Department of Regulations, (1432 AH-2011).
- The role of community institutions in confronting the phenomenon of extortion and its treatment Electronic extortion as a model, within the research of the Al-Hisbah Symposium, Dr. Fayez bin Abdullah Al-Shehri.
- Criminal responsibility for electronic extortion in the Saudi system (a comparative study), Sami Marzouk Al-Mutairi, an unpublished master's thesis, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, 2015.
- The legal confrontation of Internet crimes between the principle of legality and the lack of legislation and the role of the judiciary in treating it, Awwad Hussein Yassin, Manar Abdel Mohsen Abdel Ghani, d. Muammar Khaled Abdel Hamid, research submitted to the Journal of the Iraqi University, Volume 39, Issue 2, 2017. Third: Laws: 1- Iraqi Penal Code No. (111) of 1969 as amended. 2- Saudi Information Crimes Law No. (17) of 2017. 3- UAE Information Technology Crimes Law No. (5) of 2012. 4- The Omani Information Technology Crimes Law No. (12) of 2011. Fourth: Websites:
- The official Facebook page of Sheikh Abd al-Malik al-Saadi, may God protect him: https://www,facebook.com/wath/?v947552212743048.
- Her website is www.IahaonIinn.com.
- Cybercrime Cases, Supreme Judicial Council website, published on the website https://www.hjc.iq/view.5936.
- Cases of electronic extortion crimes are published on the website of the Iraqi Ministry of Interior https://www.moi.gov.iq.
- The Information Crimes Law, published on the website of the Iraqi Parliament https://www.ar.parliament.iq.
- Sada Al-Balad website: The legal ruling on blackmail, answered by Dr. Omar Al-Wardani, Secretary of the Fatwa at the Egyptian Dar Al-Ifta, https://www.elbalad.news/4092112.
- The site of fishing for benefits, Abu Shaima, sexual harassment of women at work.