مكانة أهل الذمة في المجتمع الاندلسي من القرن الاول حتى القرن الخامس الهجريين ( المستعربين أنموذجاً )

Abstract

 As it is known and known to researchers and readers that the emergence and formation of the state as a political, administrative and social unit fit for habitation and life, regardless of the time and place in its appearance and origin, is the existence of ethnic and religious groups coexisting and coherent within it, according to the systems and laws (the constitution) drawn either from religion or from customs Political and social, or from both. Of course, it is determined and imposed by the dominant group in the state and the dominant group in it, or it is determined by consensus and consensus on it from the groups coexisting with each other in accordance with the law of peaceful coexistence and religious tolerance. According to this, it is natural in such a situation that the areas of freedoms available to individuals and groups that make up the society to practice their religious rituals, their social activities, and their access to economic, administrative, social and political privileges in the state. And that is according to the proximity or distance from the source from which these regulations and laws were derived, the authority that implements them or imposes them, the extent of their influence with the surrounding world, their willingness to coexist peacefully with it and exchange interests in a moderate manner, and the rejection of the policy of hostility to others, self-isolation and lack of openness to groups of society Generally speaking, and that there are no violations by the beneficiaries or affected groups. That is because understanding, harmony and tolerance among members of a single society is the basis for the success of states and the prosperity and progress of societies. Andalusia, throughout the Islamic rule that took a long period of time (92_897 AH / 711_ 1492 AD), remained a fine example of religious tolerance, and peaceful coexistence between peoples and citizens of Arabs, Berbers, Arabists, Jews, Mulids, Saqalabs, and other sects that came to it from different groups. Bringing the world down to fuse into a social unit characterized by sophisticated civilizational characteristics, remarkable social harmony, common goals and interests, and a single destiny. In spite of what appeared at times from the abominable prejudices of intolerance, which were not only exceptions and bulges in the glorious history of Andalusia represented by justice and equality, high humanity, and civilized interfaith dialogue .