Confrontation of Efficiency and Its Relationship to Some Variables among Middle School Students
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The current research aims to reveal the level of coping efficiency and its relationship to some gender variables (male and female) and specialization (scientific – literary) among a sample of middle school students. The research sample reached (300) male and female students from Dujail district schools. The researcher has built a confrontational efficiency measure, which is part of the basic requirements of the current research. The research is consisted of five areas: (balance, the existence of the meaning of life, perseverance, individuality novelty, and self-reliance). The scale is in its primary form which consists of (44) items and thus validity has been verified. The apparent measure of the scale was verified by presenting it to a group of experts and arbitrators, as well as extracting the discrimination factor and correlation coefficient of the scale paragraphs, and the scale became in its final form consisting of (40) items. The reliability of the scale has been computed by using tester- test way which scored (0.84). In the psychological scales Q is preferable to be more than (0.70(. The researcher reached the following results :-
1 - The students in the preparatory school enjoy a good level of efficiency of confrontation.
2- The presence of statistically significant differences for the gender variable between males and females in the variable of confrontational efficiency and in favor of males, and the absence of statistically significant differences in the variable of specialization (scientific / literary).
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Abu Ghazaleh, Samira Ali Jaafar (2009), the efficiency of confrontation and its relationship to the five major factors of personality, Journal of Educational Sciences, Second Edition (Part 1), April, Institute of Educational Research and Studies, Cairo University.
- Abu Ghazaleh, Samira et al. (2016), The Efficiency of Confrontation and its Applications in the Educational and Psychological Field, Journal of Educational Sciences, Second Issue (Part 1), April, Cairo University.
- Badawi, Ahmed Mohamed (2012), School motivation and awareness of the classroom environment at high and low levels of confrontational competence among preparatory stage students, unpublished Master Thesis, College of Education, Cairo University.
- Abdul Rahman, Saad (1997), Psychometrics, 3rd edition, Al Falah Library, Kuwait.
- Esawy, Abdel-Rahman Mohamed (1985), Measurement and Experimentation in Psychology and Education, University Knowledge House, Alexandria.
- Al-Qazwini, Abeer Thamer Yahya (2018), lateral thinking and its relationship to the efficiency of confrontation among students of the Institute of Fine Arts, Journal of Cognition of Philosophy, Linguistics, and Social Sciences, 3rd edition, No. (31), Baghdad.
- Muhammad, Safa Ahmed (2014), The Quality of Life and its Relationship with both Confrontation and Empowerment Efficiency for University Students, Unpublished Master Thesis, College of Education, Cairo University.
- Bennett , A . B , Novotny , J . A , Green , K . E , & Kluever . R . C (1998) : Confirmatory Factor analysis of the Resiliency Scale , Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association , San Diego CA , April , (13-17) .
- Carolyn , R . W (2005) : Resilience in tegrative framework for Measurement Loma Linda University , P . 12 , ix , 15 .
- Connor , K . M & Davidson , J . R .T (2003) : Development of new resilience Scale : The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) , Depression and Anxiety , (18) , (76 - 82) .
- Kohnon , E . C (1996) : Conceptual analysis and Measurement of the construct of ego-resiliency , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,(70), (1067-1079) .
- Lundman , B , Strandberg , C . I , Eisemann , M . G , Gustafson , Y & Brulin , C (2007) : Psychometric Properties of the Swedish version of the Resilience Scale , Journal Caring Seienees , 21 (2) , (229 - 237) .
- Masten , A . S (2009) : Ordinary Magic : Lessons from research on resilience in human development " (pdf) Education Canada , (4) , (3) , (28-32) , http : www.ceaace.calsites / default /files .
- Mrazek , D (1987) Resilience in Child Maltreatment Victims : A conceptual exploration , Journal Child Abuse and Neglect ,(11) , (357 - 365) .
- Oshio . A , Nakaya . M , Kaneko . H & Nagamine . S (2002) : Development and validation of an Adolescent Resilience Scale , Japanese Journal of Counseling Science , (35) , (57 – 65) [ in Japanese with English abstract] .
- Rak , C . F & Patterson , L . E (1996) : Promoting Resilience in at-risk children , Journal of Counseling & Development , (74) , (368) .
- Richardson , G . E (2002) : The Metatheory of Resilience and Resiliency , Journal of Clinical Psychology , Vol (58) , No (3) , (307 -321) .
- Ritter , E . N (2005) : Parenting styles : their impact on the development of adolescent resiliency , Canella University .
- Ruch , M . C , Schoel , W . A & Barnard , S . M (1995) : Psychological resilience in the public sector " Hardiness " and pressure for change , Journal of Vocational Behavior , (46) , (17-39) .
- Ungar , M (2004) : A Constructionist discourse on resilience , Mult-Iple contexts children youth and Society , 35 , (3) , (341-365) .
- Valentine , L & Feinauer , L . L (1993) : Resilience Factors associated with female survivors of childhood sexual abuse , American Journal of Family Therapy , (21) , (216-224) .
- Wagnild , G (2003) : Resilience and Successful aging : Comparison among low and high in come older adults , Journal of Gerontological Nursing , (29) , (42-49) .
- Wagnild , G . M & Collins , J (2009) , Assessing Resilience , Journal of psychological Nursing , Vol (47) , pp (28 - 33) .
- Wagnild , G . M & Young , H . M (1993) : Development and Psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale , Journal of Nursing Measurement , (12) , (165-178) .
- Wemer , E . E & Smith , R . S (1982) : A longitudinal Study of resilient children Vulnerable but invincible : and youth NY Graw – Hill .
- Wright . N . D (1996) : From risk to resiliency : the role of low related education center for Civic Education , Calabasas , C A 22302 – ERIC ED 402247 .