Main Article Content

Tareq Hamad Jasim AL Kobisi
tareqhamadjasim@gmail.com
Badiee Mohammed Ibrahim AL Karbuly
tareqhamadjasim@gmail.com

Abstract

The unification of Arabs and Berbers among them had a great impact in the conquest of Andalusia if the hearts were pure filled with love there was no difference between Arab or Berber or between Qaisi or Yemeni everyone was united under the banner of Islam, but this situation did not last long as the hatred and discord among the brothers of faith. Therefore, Andalusia needed a seasoned leader to return it to its former glory when Muslims entered it and unites it under the banner of Islam and does not differentiate between anyone and had only a descendant of the Umayyad family Prince Abdul Rahman inside, who escaped from the tyranny of the Abbasids in the Levant after the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate and remained.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Article Details

How to Cite
Jasim AL Kobisi, T. H., & Ibrahim AL Karbuly, B. M. (2021). Tribal Structure in Andalusia and Its Impact in the Creation of the Umayyad Emirate (138 Ah/755 AD). Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities, 28(12, 2), 313–326. https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.28.12.2.2021.15
Section
Articles

References

 Ibn al-Wells, Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Abi Bakr al-qadai Al-balansi (t: 658 Ah/ 1260), Hilla Al-siraa , investigation : Hussein moans, T2, (Dar Al-Maarif , Cairo, 1985.

 Ibn al-Athir , Izz al-Din Abu al Hassan Ali ibn Abi ball Mohammed bin Muhammad Bin Abdul Karim bin Abdul Wahid al-Shaybani al-Jazari (V: he / 1233 world) , full of history , achieving Omar Abdel peace destroy , 1st Edition , (Book House, Beirut, Lebanon 1417 Ah / 1997.

 Bin al-Hazmi, Zain al-Din Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Musa bin Othman al-Hamdani, (t: 584 Ah: 1188 Ad), Places or what agreed and parted named places, investigation: Hamad bin Mohammed Al-Jasser , (Dar Al-Yamama for research, translation and publishing, d . M., 1415 Ah/ 1994).

 Hussein, Hamdi Abdel Moneim Mohamed, the Berber revolutions in Andalusia in the Umayyad emirate era (138-316 Ah /756-928 ad), (University Youth Foundation , Alexandria , 1993.

 Ibn Khaldun , Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad (V:he/ 1406) , the lessons of the Office of the debutante and in any happy, Berber and lived through them with the Sultan. the biggest , to achieve Khalil Shehadeh , print 2 ,( Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, 1408 e / 1988 .

 Ibn al-Dalai, Ahmed Bin Omar bin Anas al-athri (T. 478 Ah/1085 ad), texts on Andalusia, investigation: Abdul Aziz Al-Ahwani, (publications of the Institute of Islamic studies, Madrid, D. V).

 Ibn al-dawadari, Abu Bakr ibn Abdullah ibn Aybak (t :after 736 Ah 1432 ad), the treasure of Al-Durr and the mosque of Al-GHARR, investigation: junhild Graf and Erika Glassen , (publisher: Issa Al-Babi al-Halabi, d . Ad, 1415 Ah - 1994 ad).

 Abu Abdullah Shams al-Din Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Othman bin qaimaz (t : 748 Ah/1347 ad), history of Islam and the deaths of celebrities and flags, investigation: Bashar Awad Maarouf, i1 , (Dar Al-Gharb al-Islami, d.M , 2003 .

 Al-zarkli, Khair al-Din bin Mahmoud bin Mohammed bin Ali bin Fares, Damascus (t: 1396 Ah/1976), media, I15; (Dar Al-Alam for millions, d . M, 2002 m .

 Salim, Mr. Abdel Aziz, the history of Muslims and their effects in Andalusia from the Arab conquest until the fall of the caliphate in Córdoba , (Dar Al-Maref , Lebanon , 1961 .

 Salem bin Abdullah, Umayyad rule systems and their fees in Andalusia, i1, (Deanship of scientific research at the Islamic University, Madinah, 1424 Ah/2003 ad).

 Al-Sarjani, Raghib, the story of Andalusia from conquest to fall, i1, (Iqra foundation for publishing, distribution and translation , Cairo , 1432h/2011 .

 Guest, Shawky, the era of countries and Emirates Andalusia, (Dar Al-Maarif, Cairo, 1989 .

 Dub, Abu Jafar Ahmed bin Yahya bin Ahmed bin Amira, (t: 599 Ah/1203 ad), for the petitioner in the history of the people of Andalusia, (Dar Al-Arab writer , Cairo, 1967 ad .

 Child live , Mohammed Suhail , history of the Muslims in Andalusia , i3 , (Harper Collins college publishers for printing, publishing and distribution , Beirut , 1431/2010.

 Taha, Abdul Wahid dhanon, conquest and Arab-Islamic stability in North Africa and Andalusia , i 1, (Dar Al-Madar al-Islami, Libya, 2004 .

 Ibn Azari, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Muhammad (t: about 695 Ah /1296 ad), the statement Morocco in the news of Andalusia and Morocco, investigation C. S. Colan, E. Levi Provencal, i3, (Dar Al-culture , Beirut, 1983 .

 Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali, Abu Al-Falah Abdul Hay bin Ahmed bin Muhammad, (t: 1089 Ah/ 1678 ad) nuggets of gold in news of gold , investigation , Mahmoud al-arnawout , T1 , (Dar Ibn Kathir , Damascus, 1406 Ah / 1986 ad .

 Al-Qazwini, Zakaria bin Mohammed bin Mahmoud (t: 682 Ah/ 1283 ad), Antiquities of the country and news of Abad , (Dar Sadr, Beirut, D.V( .

 Ibn al-goth, Abu Bakr Muhammad Bin Omar bin Abdul Aziz Al-Andalusi (T. 367 Ah / 977 ad), opening date of Al-Andalus, the realization of Ibrahim al-abyari i2, (House of the Egyptian Book , Cairo, 1410 Ah / 1989 ad(.

 By San al-Din ibn al-Khatib, Abu Abdullah Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Said Al-Salmani (t: 776 Ah/ 1375 ad), briefing in news of Granada, investigation of Yusuf Ali Tawil, T1, (Dar Al-books , Beirut, 1424 Ah / 2004 ad); Media Works, investigation: Syed kasrui Hassan , (Dar Al-books, Beirut, D. V .

 Unknown, author (t: after 372 Ah / 983 AD), the borders of the world from the Levant to Morocco , investigation of Mr. Youssef al-Hadi , (cultural publishing house , Cairo, 1423 Ah/2003 ad .

 Anonymous, author, News Group in Fatah al-Andalus and mentioned its princes God's mercy and the wars between them, the investigation of Ibrahim al-abyari, i2, (House of the Egyptian Book , Cairo, 1410 Ah/1989 ad).

 Al-maqri, Shihab al-Din Ahmed bin Mohammed Al-talmsani (t: 1041 Ah/ 1632 AD), Nafah al-Tayeb from the Al-Andalus branch of Al-Ratib and mentioned its minister San al-Din bin Al-Khatib, investigation of Ihsan Abbas, (Sadr House , Beirut, 1900 AD .

 Mas'ad, Samia Mustafa Muhammad, the racial composition of the Andalusian people and its impact on the fall of Andalusia , i1 , (ain for human and social studies and research , pyramid , 1424 Ah/2004.

 Molina, Luis, open Andalusia , (Spanish Agency for international cooperation, Spain, D. V .

 Manassas, Hussein, Fajr al-Andalus, i1, (Dar al-Rashad, Cairo, 1959); landmarks of the history of Morocco and Al-Andalus, i2, (Dar al-Rashad , Cairo, 1418 Ah / 1997 ad .

 Na'nai, Abdul Majid, history of the Umayyad state in Andalusia political history , (Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya , Beirut , 1986 .

 Yaqoot Al-Hamwi, Shihab al-Din Abu Abdullah Yaqoot bin Abdullah al-Rumi Al-Hamwi (t: 626 Ah/1229 ad), Dictionary of the countries, T2, (Dar Sadr, Beirut, 1995 ad .

 Al-Karbouli, Badi Mohammed Ibrahim, the people of Yemen in Morocco and Andalusia until the establishment of the Emirates independent of the Abbasid Caliphate-study in political history -, PhD thesis, (University of Baghdad, Faculty of Education (Ibn Rushd) , 1422 Ah/2001 ad .

 Abdullah, Khalid Mahmoud , al-Hamid , Barzan Messer Hamed , the post of Nazir al-ahbas in Andalusia and its historical significance, Tikrit University Journal for the humanities, 2021, Volume 28, Issue (3) Part 1, pages 204-223 .

 Dakhil, Monzer Ismail , the impact of Islamic ethics on the era of the rulers of Andalusia in the construction of the Islamic State during the era of the emirate ( 138 – 316 Ah) ( 755 – 929 ad) , Tikrit University Journal for the humanities, 2020, volume 27, issue 8, pages 353-377 .