Government Mobilization and its Impact on the Number of Farmers in France during the First World War (1914-1918)
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Abstract
The importance of addressing a part of France’s history related to the agricultural aspect is due to its importance in granting France economic powers, as it is the activity practiced by the bulk of the French people, for reasons related to various geographical and climatic factors. With the outbreak of World War I (1914-1918), the French government decided to announce general mobilization to secure the requirements of the war. This decision left its clear effects since the first days of its implementation on the decrease in the number of farmers in France, when approximately (1,532,941) farmers were mobilized from the total number of the labor force according to the statistics of 1913 AD, which amounted to (3,703,192) men distributed over various activities. In order to address this issue, the French government took a number of measures throughout the war years, distributed between reliance on the locals, which emerged with the activity of the National Labor Office, which was able to provide nearly (13,794) farmers, and the joint work between the Ministry of Agriculture and War with the aim of organizing vacations for farmers and those with professions related to agriculture according to specific periods of the plowing or harvesting seasons, or postponing mobilization for certain births whose recruitment coincides with times specific to agriculture, as well as rehabilitation of the disabled farmers with the aim of returning to their practice of agriculture or involving school students in agricultural activities, while the other part of compensating farmers’ shortage was by relying on foreign farmers, through the regulation of immigration from neighboring countries, particularly Spain and Portugal, for reasons related to ease of movement and availability of labor in agriculture and heading to the French colonies, especially Algeria, and working to exploit prisoners of war in economic activities, including agriculture. With the clear efforts made by the French government to address the shortage of farmers, the desired results were practically not good in addressing the large problem - the lack of farmers - that agriculture suffered during the war years, and therefore the reflection of the mobilization decision had a significant negative impact on the levels of agricultural and animal production, and the most important motive in the direction of the French government and with an external commercial activity to secure basic agricultural products after the inability of local production to secure these agricultural products.
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References
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