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Omar Amjad Saleh
harith_abd2016@tu.edu.iq
Bassam Mohsen Mohamed
harith_abd2016@tu.edu.iq

Abstract

The research deals with the biography of al-Hakam ibn Amr al-Ghafari and the ordeal he experienced before his death, which is believed to have been a major cause of his death in 50 AH under the Umayyad Caliph Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, Al-Hakam ibn Amr al-Ghafari represented a generation of maven companions who lived and died between three eras: the age of the message, the era of the rightly-guided caliphate and the Umayyad caliphate which have  witnessed great events in the Islamic history, growing up in the era of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and narrated from him. He took science and jurisprudence directly from him, which reflected on his personality and became one of the personalities that had a place in the Umayyad era and became the governor of the province of Khorasan in the Islamic orient for five years and a military commander in the Islamic conquers, but in the end, however, he entered into an ordeal with the Umayyad governors in different views on governance and administration in the subjects of the parish there, which led him to leave the matters of government and retired from in his last days, and it was said to have been dismissed by the governor of Iraq Ziad ibn Abi, but He has called on his Lord to receive his spirit for being fear of falling into the spoiler of government, and this happened in the end he died in 50 AH and  gave us a vivid example of asceticism in all worldly positions for the sake of Alla.

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How to Cite
Saleh, O. A., & Mohamed, B. M. (2020). Al-Hakam Ibn Amr Al-Ghafari and His Ordeal. Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities, 27(4), 296–317. https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.25.4.2020.15
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Articles

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