Geomorphology of the river terraces of the lower Zab River from the Batira anticline to the mouth
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Abstract
The study area is located coordinately between latitudes (35.15.00 - 35.30.00) north, and longitudes (43.25.00 - 43.46.00) east. Geographically, the Lower Zab River is located in the northern part of Iraq. In the undulating region, within the administrative borders of Kirkuk Governorate, the study of river terraces is one of the most important studies in applied geomorphology, as this study deals with the most important geomorphological forms resulting from river sediments, especially the river terraces spread in the lower Zab River, which represents the valleys of the river basin, where they covered Terrace sites and their characteristics in the study area. The geological history of the rock formations in the study area was known, in addition to identifying the climatic conditions and their role in the formation and development of geomorphological forms in the region. It is noted that the region is sensitive in terms of geological processes, and the reason for this is due to the dominance of rocky outcrops Sedimentary rocks have a different response to these processes and confront elements of climatic extremes, such as rainfall and rising temperatures, which result in the activation of geomorphic processes. The study of river terraces has grown, distinguishing them in terms of the factors of their origin, distribution, and spread, and studying their natural characteristics, uses, and how to exploit them.
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