Handmaid writers in Andalusia (138-422 AH/ 755-1031 AD)
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Abstract
Through the study of Andalusian history, it becomes evident the handmaid held a high status. They had access to education and became well-versed in various sciences, which increased their value and demand. Slave traders invested in educating their female slaves, as it increased their market value. These women contributed to copying the Qur'an and books, distinguished themselves with beautiful handwriting, and some even prepared correspondence for rulers and caliphs, ranging from congratulatory messages to military communications. Some of these women earned the right to sign on behalf of the caliph, as they were trusted by the rulers. They traveled for knowledge and, upon their return, taught other women. Some became prominent in authoring books and gathering resources for Andalusian libraries. This study is divided into two sections: the first defines the term "jariya" (female slave), discusses their status in Islam, their value, and their role in political life. The second section examines the role of educated female slaves in education and highlights notable figures such as Lubna and Aisha al-Qurtubiya in the Umayyad state of Andalusia.
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