Natural and Anthropogenic Factors of Desertification in Xuan District
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Abstract
Shwan district data was analyzed to demonstrate the seriousness of desertification, which threatens the ecological balance and human activity and exposes agricultural lands to desertification due to a lack of vegetation cover, high soil salt levels, or drought, which degrades soil. Shwan, formerly Jaji Baykhan hamlet, is 30 kilometers from Kirkuk governorate center. Urbanization made it a district. The research region is in the semi-arid zone (BSH), therefore desertification threatens significant amounts of land, damages natural resources, and hinders economic growth. Therefore, studying desertification's origins, spread, and impacts is crucial. Thus, the researcher used the analytical approach and the descriptive and quantitative method to analyze, reason, and link the influencing factors to achieve the study's goals and illuminate desertification's current and future forms by analyzing soil and water samples. Satellite visualizations, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (G.I.S) may help us assess environmental desertification concerns and construct five spectral indicators to measure the earth's sensitivity across two eras. Due to natural and human causes, vegetation cover declined and soil salts increased, resulting in the expansion of degraded land, the absence of integrated organized irrigation and drainage networks, which fail to perform their role, and the emergence of all levels of desertification, including severe desertification. A desertification investigation in the study area yielded intriguing results.
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