الوحدة والتنوع في ظل حكم دولة بني حمدان ودولة بني عقيل الجانب الاقتصادي والاجتماعي أنموذجاً

Abstract

There is no doubt that the research on the history of the Arab Islamic states that emerged in the second Abbasid era acquires a kind of importance, because it gives the researcher highlights and indications of the role of those states in preserving the personality of the Abbasid caliphate from a spiritual point of view, in addition to confronting the enemies who harbor bad intentions for the Arab state. On the other hand, the establishment of these states often represented a healthy state that the Islamic state went through after it was marred by many mistakes and factors of weakness and disintegration, and the interference of the foreign element in the institutions of the state and the caliphate and weakened it politically and administratively. That is why the establishment of these states was tantamount to restoring the prestige of Islam and the Abbasid caliphate, but the most important thing is to stop at the manifestations of unity and diversity in two of the Islamic states and to what extent are there factors that united them in the economic and social aspects, and on the other hand, what are the factors of difference and diversity in the above aspects, and what are their effects Positive and negative on the course of events, and the rule of these countries.