محتوى المقالة الرئيسي

Ahmed Awad Isma’eel
dr.ahmadal.awad78@tu.edu

الملخص

تناولت هذه الدراسة عن  )حق التصرف في الاراضي غير المملوكة في الشريعة الاسلامية والقوانين الوضعية ( واثبتت الدراسة أن قضية الارض ارتبطت بحركة الاسلام واهدافه العامة المتجسدة بالدعوة الى الله تعالى، واستخلاف الانسان لإقامة حكم الله تعالى في الارض، فنجد ان تأريخ الاراضي في الاسلام يرتبط بتأريخ المعارك والفتوحات الاسلامية فقد خاض المسلمون معارك عدة ، وفتحوا مدنا كثيرة ، وسيطروا على أراض واسعة صلحا او قهرا نتجت عنه أوضاع جديده قيدها الاسلام بإحكام شرعية نصية او اجتهادية فقد اصدر الخليفة عمر بن الخطاب  )رضي الله عنه(  قراره التاريخي بعدم توزيع الاراضي المفتوحة عنوة على الفاتحين ، وجعلها وقفا لجميع المسلمين وعلى تعاقب الاجيال فأبقاها بأيدي اهلها يستثمرونها مقابل خراج يدفعونه لبيت المال .


واستمر العمل بهذا القرار الى منتصف القرن التاسع عشر حتى اصدرت الدولة العثمانية ) ١٢٧٥ه - ١٨٥٨م ) قانون الاراضي، وهو اول قانون تصدره الدولة العثمانية ينظم احكام الاراضي غير المملوكة تأثرا ببعض احكام القوانين الاوربية ، فاعتبر جميع الاراضي غير المملوكة ملكا للسلطان رقبتها للدولة وللأفراد حق التصرف بها .


من هنا اهتم علماء الاسلام وفي مقدمتهم الفقهاء والمؤرخون بهذا الموضوع وافردوا له ابوابا مختلفة في كتبهم ، واهتموا بتصنيفها وبيان احكامها ، لا يسع الباحث في مسألة الاراضي إلا الوقوف عليها لما يمثله موقف هؤلاء العلماء من تنظيم الاراضي وموقف الشريعة الإسلامية منها وبعض القوانين الوضعية الحالية .

المقاييس

يتم تحميل المقاييس...

تفاصيل المقالة

كيفية الاقتباس
Isma’eel , A. A. (2021). حق التصرف في الأراضي غير المملوكة في الشريعة الإسلامية والقوانين الوضعية. مجلة جامعة تكريت للعلوم الانسانية, 28(2), 36–66. https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.28.2.2021.02
القسم
Articles

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