الليبرالية الاقتصادية الفاشية في إيطاليا 1922- 1925
الشريط الجانبي للمقالة
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
يناقش هذا البحث اهمية السياسية الاقتصادية التي تعامل بها موسوليني ووزير ماليتة فيما يخص خصخصة معظم الصناعات الايطالية ، التجربة الرائدة في عالمنا المعاصر، و عدم تدخل الدولة في النشاطات الاقتصادية، فضلا عن خفض الانفاق الحكومي مما ساهم في تحقيق نمو في الاقتصاد الايطالي، فضلاً عن ذلك بين هذا البحث الاختلاف الواضح بين السياسات الاقتصادية للفترة 1922- 1925، بالمقارنة مع السياسات الاقتصادية التي اتبعها الفاشيون في ايطاليا بعد عام 1925 ، اذ شهدت هذه المدة تطبيق العديد من السياسات الاقتصادية والتي ارتبطت في العادة بطبيعة العقيدة السياسية للدولة.
المقاييس
تفاصيل المقالة
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
College of Education for Humanities, TIKRIT UNIVERSITY. THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
المراجع
• Amish MacDonald, Mussolini and Italian fascism New York, Neisom thomes, 1999.
• Alexander de. Grand. Italian Fascism its origins and Development, Lincoln, Univ. of Nebraska, press, third Edition, , 2000.
• Clare Elisabtta Mattei, Austerity and Repressive politics: Italian Economists in the early years of the fascist Government, Pisa- Italy, institute of Economic, 2015.
• David Crowe , European History 1914-1935 , world war I and Europe in crisis, newjercy , Research and Education Association , 2001.
• David F. Schmitz , The United states and fascist Italy 1922-1940, USA, Univ. of north Carolina press, 1998.
• David I. Kertzer, The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe, new York , Random House Publishing Group,2014.
• David Williamson, Mussolini from socialist to fascist, London, Holder and Stoughton, 1999.
• Donal Palcis and Eoin Reeves, privatization in Ireland: Lessons from a European economy, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
• Donlel Albalate, The Privatization and nationalization of European Rods, England, Edward Eger publishing Inc., 2014.
• Douglas J. Forsyth, The crisis of liberal Italy, London, and Cambridge Univ. press, 2002.
• F.L.Crsten, The Rise of Fascism, California, Univ. of California press , 1967 .
• Fabio Esposti, Postwar Economies (ITALY) International Encyclopedia of first world 1914 – 1918, 2015.
• Germa Bel, from public to private: privatization in 1920 Fascist Italy, European university ins, tiute Badia Fiesolana, 2009.
• Germa Bel, The first privatization: selling and privatization public Monopolies in fascist Italy 1922- 1925, Cambridge Economic Journal, New York, 2010.
• Giann Toniolo , ,an Economic History of liberal Italy 1850 – 1918 , New York ,Routledge public , 2014.
• Giorgio Bertellin, The Divo and the Duce, California, California Press University, 2019.
• Giuio Spapell and Leopold Haimson , Strikes social ,conflict and first world war , Milano , 1992.
• Hamish MacDonald, Mussolini Fascist Italy, New York, atanly Publishing, 1999.
• James fromman Peck and Giovanni fedrico, European industrial police: the twentieth century Experience, New York, oxford Univ. press, 1999.
• Jean Louis Briquest , Alfio Mastropaolo, Italian politics: the center lefts Poisoned victory, New York, Berghabn Books, Vol. 22, 2007.
• Jim powell, The Economic Leadership secrets of Mussolini, Forbes, Feb, 22, 2012.
• John foot, Modern Italy, New York, Macmillan integration higher education, 2014.
• John Joseph and Timothy sweet , The Mechanization of Mussolini's Army 1920-1940 ,Iron Army ,New York , stack pole Books, 2007.
• John wittam, fascist Italy, London, Manchester Univ. press, 1995.
• K. Robert Nilsson, Mark F. Gilbert, The A to Z of modern Italy, New York, Row man , 2010, pp.68-69. Sara Lamberti Moneta mark Gilbert , Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy, Row man & Littlefield,2020.
• Louise Oldham Barcan, Annie murray Hannay, Bibliography on land utilization: 1918- 1936. U.S.A, U.S Government printing office, 1938.
• Mabel Berezin, Making the Fascist Self: the political culture of interwar Italy, New York, Cornell Univ., press, 1997.
• Marina Marinkov, Italian Debt in the interwar period in: Debt and Entaglements Between the Wars: Washington D.C, international Monetary fund, 2019.
• Mark Robson, Italy: the Rise of fascism 1896- 1946, London, Hodder Education, Fifth edition, 2019.
• Massimo Moraglio, Driving modernity technology Experts, Politics and Fascist, Motor way 1927- 43, Translated By Erin oloughin, New York, Berghahn Books, 2017.
• Max Gallo, Mussolini s Italy: twenty Years of the fascist Era, Routledge Revivals, 2019.
• Mussolini, Benito, Mussolini as Revealed in his political speeches (Nov. 1914- Aug- 1923), Edited and Translated by Bernardo Quaranta, London, J.M. Dent and sons Ltd, 1923.
• Patrice J. Treanon ,Britain Bulgaria and the Peace conference 1918-1919,New York ,Row man and Littlefield, 2019, pp. 125-126.
• Plero Bini, Corporative Economics and The making of Economic policy in Italy during the interwar Years 1922- 1940, Edited by Alain Alcouffe and in: Business cycles in Economic Thought, A History, New York, Routledge, 2017.
• Poul H. Lewis, Latin fascist Elites: the Mussolini, Franco and Salazar Regimes, London, Greenwood publisher Group, 2002.
• Roy Mac Gregor , The day of the loin :the life and death of fascist Italy 1922 -1945 ,London MacDonald, 1963.
• Sara Lamberti Moneta mark Gilbert, Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy, Row man & Littlefield,2020.
• Tarchi Marco, Italy: Early crisis and fascist take over, Basingtoke, springer, 2000.
• Vera zamagin, The economic History of Italy 1860-1990; Recovery after decline, Oxford, cardoon press, 1993.
• Zara S. Steiner , the lights that feline European International History 1918 -1933 , Oxford Univ. press , 2005.