مصطلح التوثيق عند المحدّثين بين التأصيل والتقعيد
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
إنّ المقصود من مصطلح الثقة في مرحلة التأصيل –وهي ما قبل تقعيد ابن الصلاح لقواعد مصطلح الحديث-، لم يكن المعنى الاصطلاحي له أحيانا، ولعلّ المراد من التوثيق في هـذه العصور صلاحية الراوي للاحتجاج بحديثه، أو الاعتبار به في أقلّ أحواله، وربما أطلقه المتقدمون على من كان عدلاً في دينه، ولعلّ اختلاف النقاد فيه تبعاً لاختلاف مناهجهم بين متشدد ومتساهل ومعتدلٍ، فقلما يتفقون على توثيقٍ، أو تضعيفٍ في الراوي الواحد، وقد يراد منه المعنى الاصطلاحي الذي سار عليه الحافظان؛ الذهـبي، وابن حجر فجعلا مرتبة الثقة للعدل الضابط، وهو في مرتبة الاحتجاج المطلق، وحديثه الصحيح؛ فلا يطلق التساوي بينهما، فيُراعى النطاق الزمني الذي اسُتعمِل فيه اللفظ، والمعنى المقصود منه في حدود ذلك النطاق، وهـذا القول ينطبق على بعض ألفاظ الجرح والتعديل التي تختلف دلالتهـا بين مرحلتي التأصيل والتقعيد.
المقاييس
تفاصيل المقالة

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