محتوى المقالة الرئيسي

Nahida T. Majeed
nahidatu@tu.edu.iq
Fatima Shihab Ahmed
nahidatu@tu.edu.iq

الملخص

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى ايجاد أثر استخدام استراتيجية التدريس التبادلي المعدَلة في تحسين الاستيعاب القرائي للغة الانكليزية لدى طلبة الخامس الاعدادي وذلك من خلال: 1. تحديد خطوات هذه الاستراتيجية  2. ايجاد متوسط تحصيل الطلبة في الاستيعاب القرائي 3. ايجاد فيما اذا هنالك فرقا دالا بين متوسط تحصيل المجموعة التجريبية وتحصيل  المجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار التحصيلي, من جهة 4. وبين متوسط تحصيل المجموعتين في مستويي الاختبار: التميز والانتاج.


 ولأجل تحقيق اهداف البحث تم صياغة ثلاث فرضيات صفرية. تكونت عينة الدراسة من 60 طالبة اخترن  عشوائيا من اعدادية البيداء للبنات في مدينة كركوك. قسمت العينة الى مجموعتين متساويتين ضابطة وتجريبية وتم مكافئة المجموعتين في العمر وتحصيلهما في الاختبار القبلي وفي التحصيل الدراسي للأبويين. درَست المجموعتين نفس المادة الدراسية المقررة للصف الخامس اعدادي, حيث درست المجموعة التجريبية وفقا لاستراتيجية التدريس التبادلي المعدَلة ودرست المجموعة الضابطة وفقا للطريقة التقليدية. تم بناء اختبار تحصيلي وبعد استخراج صدقه وثباته ودرجة صعوبة وقوة تمييز فقراته طبق على عينة الدراسة بعد انتهاء فترة التدريس. تم جمع البيانات وتحليلها إحصائيا واظهرت النتائج التالية:



  1. ان متوسط درجات الطلبة في الاستيعاب القرائي للغة الانكليزية أعلى من متوسط الاداء النظري.

  2. هنالك فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط تحصيل المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسط تحصيل المجموعة الضابطة في الاختبار البعدي, ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية.

  3. هنالك فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط تحصيل الطلبة في مستوي الاختبار, التميز والانتاج, ولصالح الاخير.


أخيرا انتهت الدراسة بعدد من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات.

المقاييس

يتم تحميل المقاييس...

تفاصيل المقالة

كيفية الاقتباس
Majeed, N. T., & Ahmed, F. S. (2022). أثر استخدام استراتيجية التدريس التبادلي المعدَلة في تحصيل طلبة الخامس الإعدادي في الاستيعاب القرائي. مجلة جامعة تكريت للعلوم الانسانية, 29(1, 2), 14–48. https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.29.1.2.2022.21
القسم
Articles

المراجع

Alderson, C. J. ; Clapham, C. ; Wall, D. and Swan, M. (1995) Language Test Construction and Evaluation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

---------------- (2000) Assessing Reading. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bennett, M. A. (1989) Moor than Meets the Eye-Foreign Language Reading: Theory and Practice. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall Regents.

Best, R. M. ; Rowe, M. ; Ozuru, Y. and McNamara, D. S. (2005) “Deep-Level Comprehension of Science Texts: The Role of the Reader and the Text”. Topics in Language Disorders, 25 ( 1 ), 65-83.

Bottomley, D.; and Osborn, J. (1993) "Implementing Reciprocal Teaching with Fourth-and Fifth-Grade Students in Content Area Reading". Center for the Study of Reading Technical Report; No. 586.‏ Urbana, IL.

Brown, A. L., & Palincsar, A. S. (1984) "Reciprocal teaching of comprehension fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities". Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117-175.

Brown, Ann L. and Palincsar, Annemarie Sullivan. (1985) Reciprocal Teaching of

Comprehension Strategies: A Natural History of One Program for Enhancing Learning. Ablex Publishing.

Brown, H. D. (2000) Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (4th Ed.) New York: Pearson Education.

Burns, P.C.;Betty D.R and Ellinor P.R. (1996) Teaching Reading in Todays. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Carter, C. J. (2001) Reciprocal Teaching: The Application of a Reading Improvement Strategy on Urban Students in Highland Park, Michigan, 1993-1995. Geneva: The International Bureau of Education.

Casanave, C. P. (1988) "Comprehension Monitoring in ESL Reading: A Neglected Essential". TESOL Quarterly, 22(2), 283-302.‏

Castek, J. and Beach, R. (2013). "Using Apps to Support Disciplinary Literacy and Science Learning". Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 56(7), 554-564.‏

Clark, L. (2003) Reciprocal Teaching Strategy and Adult High School Students. (Unpublished M.A. Thesis). Union, NJ, Kean University. Retrieved April, 4th 2014 from: http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED478116 .

Cohen, A.D. (2011) Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language. Routledge. London.

Correa, N. (2017) Reciprocal Teaching & Reading: An Intervention for Secondary Struggling Readers. (Unpublished M.A.Thesis). Saint Mary's College of California.‏

Cox, C. (1999) Teaching Language Arts In A Student-and Response-Centered Classroom (3rd ed.) Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Djiwandono & Soenardi, M. (1996) Test Bahasa dalam Pengajaran. In FPBS-IKIP

Doolittle, P. E.; Hicks, D.; Triplett, C. F. ;Nichols, W. D, and Young, C. A. (2006) "Reciprocal Teaching for Reading Comprehension in Higher Education: A Strategy for Fostering the Deeper Understanding of Texts". International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 17(2), 106-118.

Dreyer, C., & Nell, C. (2003) "Teaching Reading Strategies and Reading Comprehension Within A Technology-Enhanced Learning Environment". System, 31(3), 349-365.‏

Dubin, F., & Bycina, D. (1991). "Models of the Process of Reading". Celce-Murcia (ed.), Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, 20-33.

Duffy, G. (2002) "The Case for Direct Explanation of Strategies". Comprehension Instruction: Research–Based Best Practices, (pp. 28–41).

Flavell, J. H. (1979) "Metacognition and Cognitive Monitoring: A New Area of Cognitive–Developmental Inquiry". American Psychologist, 34, 906–911.

Gough, P. B.; Kavanagh, J. F. and Mattingly, I. G. (1972). "One Second of Reading". Cambridge: MIT Press, 331-358.‏

Grabe, W. and Stoller, L. F. (2001) "Reading for Academic Purposes: Guidelines for the ESL/EFL Teacher". In Celce-Murcia, M., (Ed.) Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, 3rd ed. Boston: Heinle & Heinle, (p.p. 187-203).

................ (2002)Teaching and Researching Reading. Harlow, England: Pearson Education.

Greenway, C. (2002) "The Process, Pitfalls and Benefits of Implementing a Reciprocal Teaching Intervention to Improve Reading Comprehension of a Group of year 6 Pupils". Educational Psychology in Practice, 18 (2), 113–138.

Gregory, A. E., & Cahill, M. A. (2010) "Kindergartners Can Do It, Too! Comprehension Strategies for Early Readers". The Reading Teacher, 63(6), 515–520.

Grellet, F. (1981) Developing Reading Skills Grellet: A Practical Guide to Reading Comprehension Exercises. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hacker, D.J., & Tenent, A. (2002) "Implementing Reciprocal Teaching in the Classroom: Overcoming Obstacles and Making Modifications". Journal of Psychology, 94 (4), 699–718.

Harmer, J. (1991) The Practice of English Language Teaching. London: Longman.

Harris, T. L and Hodges, R. E. (1995) The Literacy Dictionary: The Vocabulary of Reading and Writing. Order Department, International Reading Association, 800 Barksdale Road, PO Box 8139

Hart, E. R. and Speece, D. L. (1998) "Reciprocal Teaching Goes to College: Effects for Postsecondary Students at Risk for Academic Failure", Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(4), 670.‏

Hedge, Tricia (2008) Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. Oxford: OUP.

Jafari, A. and Sadeghi, B. (2014) "Improving Iranian EFL Students Reading Comprehension Skills: Examining the Effect of Self-Regulated Strategy and Modified Reciprocal Teaching". Journal of Teaching English Language Studies, Vol. 2, No. 3.

Janzen, J. and Stoller, F. L. (1998) "Integrating Strategic Reading in L2 Instruction". Reading in a Foreign Language, 12(1), 251-268.

Krashen, S. D. (1981) Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. University of Southern California.‏

Lehr, F.; Osborn, J.; and Hiebert, E. H. (2005) A Focus on Comprehension. Research-Based Practices in Early Reading Series. Pacific Resources for Education and Learning PREL.‏

Meyer, B. J.; Young, C. J. and Barlett, B. J. (2009) Memory Improved Reading and Memory Enhancement Across the Life Span Through Strategic Text Structures (Unpublished Study) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Meyer, K. (2010) "Diving into Reading”: Revisiting Reciprocal Teaching in the Middle Years". Literacy Learning: The Middle Years, 18(1), 41-52.

………... "Making Meaning in Mathematics Problem-Solving Using the Reciprocal Teaching Approach". Literacy Learning: The Middle Years, 22(2), 7-14.

Nunan, D. (1991) "Methods in Second Language Classroom-Oriented Research: A Critical Review". Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 249-274.‏

Nuttall, C. (1996) Teaching Reading Skills in a Foreign Language. Heinemann, 361 Hanover Street, Portsmouth, NH 03801-3912.

‏O’Malley, J. M. and Pierce, L. V. (1996). "Authentic Assessment for English Language Learners". Practical Approaches for Teachers. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

Oczkus, L. D. (2003) Reciprocal teaching at work: Strategies for improving reading comprehension. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.

Omari, H.A. and Weshah, H.A. (2010). "Using the Reciprocal Teaching Method by Teachers at Jordanian Schools". European Journal of Social Science, 15, 26-39.

Palincsar, A. S. and Brown, A. L. (1984). "Reciprocal Teaching of Comprehension Fostering and Comprehension Monitoring Activities". Cognitive Instruction, 1(2), 117-175. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci0102_1.

Pearson, Rochler; Dole, and Duffy (1992) Developing Expertise in Reading Comprehension. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Peregoy, S. F. and Boyle, O. F. (1993) Reading, writing and Learning in English Second Language. New York: Longman.

Richards, J. C. and Renandya, W. A. (Eds.). (2002) Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge university press.

Routman, R. (2000) Conversations: Strategies for Teaching, Learning, and Evaluating. Heinemann, 361 Hanover Street, Portsmouth, NH 03801-3912.

Rupley, W. H.; Blair, T. R. and Nichols, W. D. (2009) "Effective reading instruction for struggling Readers: The Role of Direct/Explicit Teaching". Reading & Writing Quarterly, 25(2-3), 125-138.

Spörer, N.; Brunstein, J. C. and Kieschke, U. L. F. (2009) "Improving Students' Reading Comprehension Skills: Effects of Strategy Instruction and Reciprocal Teaching". Learning and Instruction, 19(3), 272-286.‏

Stahl, K. A. D. (2004) “Proof, practice, and promise: Comprehension strategy instruction in the primary grades”. The Reading Teacher, 57(7), 598-609.‏

Wilen, W. W. (1990) "Forms and Phases of Discussion". Teaching and Learning Through Discussion: The Theory, Research and Practice of the Discussion Method, Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas. 3-24.

Yaseen, Alaa’ (2013) The Reading Difficulties in English and How to Deal with them as Perceived by Teachers and Students in Nablus District (Unpublished M.A. Thesis). Al-Najah National University