(1). Ibrahim Khalil Al-Allaf, “The historical roots of the emergence and development of the private sector in Iraq until 1964,” a paper presented to a symposium (Privatization of the Iraqi Economy: Problems, Reality, and the Future), organized by the Center for Regional Studies at the University of Mosul on May 5, 2004.

(2) Sabah Al-Durra, “On the Industrial Bourgeoisie in Iraq,” Al-Thaqafa Al-Jadida magazine, No. (2) May 1969. (3) Abdul Khalil Fadhil and Ahmed Habib Rasoul, Industrial Geography of Iraq, Mosul University Press, (Mosul, d.T.

(4) Muhammad Salman Hassan, Economic Development in Iraq, Foreign Trade and Economic Development 1864-1958, Volume 1, Al-Asriya Library for Printing and Publishing, (Beirut, 1965).

(5) Sabah Kajah Ji, Industrial Planning in Iraq: Its Methods, Applications, and Equipment for the Era 1921-1980, Part 1, House of Wisdom, (Baghdad, 2002).

Al-Waqa’i Al-Iraqiya, issue 3064 on February 18, 1952.

(7) Saeed Abboud Al-Samarrai, Modern Economic Development in Iraq, Al-Qada Press, (Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, 1977).

(8) Johnny Youssef Hanna, the history of the national industry and its relationship to political development in Iraq 1929-1958, an unpublished master's thesis submitted to the College of Arts, University of Mosul, 1989.

(9) Mosul Chamber of Commerce Documents (and we will refer to it later as W.G. T.M), Industrial Statistics Report in Iraq Sent from the Main Department of Statistics to the Mosul Chamber of Commerce, No. 9381 on November 7, 1955

(10) Jawad Hashem, Capital formation in Iraq, Publications of the Ministry of Planning, (Baghdad, 1975).

(11) Industrial Bank Law, (Baghdad, 1948)

(12) Thomas Ballock, The Politics of Economic Reconstruction in Iraq, Al-Ani Press (Baghdad, 1958), p. 153.

(13) Trade Journal, Issue 9-10, Year 19, (Baghdad, 1956).

(14) Journal of the Federation of Industries, No. 1, Year 2, (Baghdad, 1961).

(15) Al-Waqa’i Al-Iraqiya, Issue 3926, January 7, 1957.

(16) Al-Sinai Magazine, Issue Three and Four, (Baghdad, July and December 1969);

(17) Personal interview via the Internet with Mr. Laith Al-Hamdani on August 15, 2020.

(18) Muthanna Abdul Qadir Ghafour, Al-Ittihad newspaper and its economic, cultural and social role in Iraq 1985-1990, a historical study, an unpublished master’s thesis submitted to the College of Arts, Iraqi University, 2019.

(19) Journal of the Federation of Industries, first issue, (Baghdad, 1960)

(20) Nabil Akeed Mahmoud Al-Mudhafari, The Role of Kirkuk Representatives in the Iraqi Parliament during the Royal Era 1925-1958 (Kirkuk, 2009).

(21) Salah Oreibi Abbas Al-Obaidi, The Economic Role of the National Bourgeoisie in the Arab Mashreq Until the Sixties of the Twentieth Century, Dar Ghaida Publishing and Distribution, (Amman, 2010)

(22) Farouk Younis, “Fragments from the history of the national industry and its pioneers - the Fattah Pasha family as a model,” an article published in the Voice of Iraq electronic newspaper on April 23, 2017 on the website:

https://www.sotaliraq.com/latestarticles.php

(23) Abd al-Rahim Dhu al-Nun Zuwaid al-Hadithi, Baghdad Chamber of Commerce 1926-1964, a historical economic study, an unpublished doctoral thesis submitted to the College of Arts, University of Mosul, 1997.

(24) The Yearbook of the Federation of Industries for the year 1956-1957.

(25) Suhail Subhi Salman, Economic and Social Developments in Iraq 1945-1958, an unpublished doctoral thesis submitted to the College of Arts, University of Baghdad, 1994.

(26) Journal of Trade, Part 5-6, Year 20, (Baghdad, 1957).

(27) Hassan Allam, The Economics of Iraq 1968, (Baghdad, 1968).

(28) wg. T.M, Profile of the Iraqi Federation of Industries, Nineveh Branch, on December 31, 1979.

(29) Ministry of Industry and Minerals, 10 Years, Industry is Progressing, (Baghdad, 1978).

(30) Al-Waqa’i Al-Iraqiya, No. 2931 on March 28, 1983.

(31) For the annual book of the Federation of Industries for the year 1956-1957.

(32) Sabah Al-Durra, Industrial Development in Iraq (Private Sector), Al-Nujoum Press, (Baghdad, 1968).

(33) Mahmoud Muhammad Al-Junaib, The Economics of Iraq, an Analytical Study, Modern Printing House, (Basra, 1969).

(34) Journal of the Federation of Industries, first issue, (Baghdad, 1960), p. 51.

(35) Industrial Development Law No. 31 of 1961, published in the Iraqi Gazette, No. 520 on May 4, 1961.

(36) For more details about the nationalization decisions, see: Salah Oreibi Abbas, “The Socialist Nationalization Decisions on July 14, 1964 in Iraq, a Historical Economic Study,” Tikrit University Journal for Human Sciences, Vol. 17, No. 2, February 2010.

(37) Al-Samarrai, Economic Development, p. 100; Raouf Al-Falluji, Industry in Iraq in the Shadows of the Revolution of July 17, 1968, published by the Ministry of Industry, (Baghdad, 1969).

(38) Al-Sina’i Magazine, first issue, fifth year, (Baghdad, 1964).

(39) Abdul Aziz Watban, “The Situation of Foreign Capital in Iraq 1958-1968,” Journal of Economics, No. 12, (Baghdad, December 1971), .

(40) Journal of Economics, Year 8, Issue 91, (Baghdad, 1978).

(41) Al-Sina’i Magazine, No. 4, (Baghdad, 1964), p. 29.

(42) Nima Rizk Nimr Al-Khaznadar, the effect of reducing customs tariffs on imported intermediate inputs on growth in GDP, a case study of the industrial sector, an unpublished master’s thesis submitted to the Faculty of Commerce of the Islamic University - Gaza, 2016.

(43) Al-Sina’i Magazine, No. 3, Year 7, (Baghdad, 1966).

(44) Al-Aswaq Al-Tijaria newspaper, Baghdad, on April 4, 1959.

(45)) Journal of the Federation of Industries, Issue 1, Year 2, (Baghdad, 1961).

(46) Hisham Muhammad Al-Rubaie, “Small Industries in Iraq,” Al-Iqtisad Magazine, No. 12, (Baghdad, December 1971).

(47) Abd al-Wahhab Hamdi al-Najjar, “Protecting the National Industry and its Relationship to Internal Trade,” Journal of Economics, No. 4, (Baghdad, April 1971).

(48) Kirkuk Chamber of Commerce documents (and we will refer to them later as WGTK), decisions of the Ninth General Industrial Conference of the Iraqi Federation of Industries, which was held in Baghdad for the period 12-15 November 1974.

(50) Journal of the Federation of Industries, first issue, (Baghdad, 1960).

(51) Journal of Economics, No. 2, first year, (Baghdad, 1968).

(52) and . NS . NS . K, the visit of the delegation of the Federation of Syrian Chambers to Iraq during the period from 6-10 December 1978.

(53) and . NS . NS . AD, Memorandum No. 6 entitled delegations of foreign chambers and joint Arab chambers, dated December 12, 1979.

(54) F, G, T, M, Memorandum No. 2 entitled Developing Commercial Dealing with the Jordanian Market on February 18, 1981

(55) The Arab Economic Guide, No. 9, (Baghdad, 1976).

(56) Alam Al-Iktissad Magazine, No. 2, the first year, (Baghdad, 1968).

(57) Al-Sina’a Magazine, Year 2, (Baghdad, 1977).

(58) Personal interview via the Internet with Mr. Laith Al-Hamdani on August 15, 2020.

(59) Journal of the Federation of Industries, No. 1, Year 2, (Baghdad, 1961).

(60) Adel Habeh, “Dr. Hafez Shukr Al-Tukmaji in the custody of immortality,” an article published on the Internet on the website http://www.alnoor.se/article.asp on July 1, 2015.

(61) Journal of Trade, Part 2, Year 21, (Baghdad, June 1958).

(62) and . NS . NS . M, Baghdad Chamber of Commerce letter to the Ministry of Economy, Issue (1011) on December 23, 1958.

(63) The General Federation of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture for Arab Countries, The Arab Economic Report, (Beirut, 1973).

(64) Al-Tijaria Journal, Part 4, Year 23, (Baghdad, December 1960).

(65) Federation of Industries Magazine, No. 1, 1960.

(66) The Federation of Jordanian Chambers of Commerce: Its Establishment, Objectives, Economic Role and Annual Report for 1970, Publications of the Federation of Jordanian Chambers of Commerce Office, (Amman, 1971).

(67) Al-Sina’i Journal, No. 2, Year 16, (Baghdad, 1976).

(68) and . NS . NS . K, the report of the Iraqi delegation on the meetings of the forty-fifth session of the Council of the General Federation of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture of the Arab Countries and the meetings of the Committee to amend the Constitution of the Federation and develop the General Secretariat during the period 1-6 February 1978, No. 334, on 1 March 1978.

(69) and . NS . NS . K, Report of the Iraqi delegation on the Second Conference of Chambers of Commerce and Industry in Islamic Countries Karaji 15-18 December 1978 to the Ministry of Trade, No. 149, on February 4, 1979.

(70) Salah Oraibi Abbas Al-Obaidi, Studies in the Origin and Development of Arab Chambers of Commerce, Dar Al-Hamid for Publishing and Distribution, (Amman, 2011), pp. 70-71.

(71) Salah Oreibi Abbas, Chamber of Merchants of Mosul, an economic - cultural - political study, Dar Ghaida Publishing and Distribution, (Amman, 2011).

(72) and . NS . NS . M, Minutes of the first meeting of the Council of the Federation of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture of the Gulf Arab Countries, Kuwait October 15, 1979.

(73) and . NS . NS . K, the letter of the General Federation of Iraqi Chambers of Commerce to the Chamber of Commerce in Kirkuk entitled (Decisions and recommendations of the forty-seventh session held in Dubai for the period January 29-31, 1979, No. 807 on April 14, 1979).

(74) F, G, T, K, the letter of the General Union of Iraqi Chambers of Commerce to the Ministry of Commerce entitled A report on the meetings of the boards of directors of the General Federation of Gulf Arab Chambers and the General Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture of Arab Countries held in Tunis 21-23 September 1980, No. 2543 On November 6, 1980.

(75) and . NS . NS . K, Report on the Fourth Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Islamic Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Commodity Exchange, Baghdad 9-10 September 1980.

(76) wg. NS. K, A focused report on the work of the General Federation of Iraqi Chambers of Commerce during 1981.

(77) W.G. NS. K, an extensive report on the activities of the Union during 1982

(78) wg. NS. K, An extensive report on the activities of the Union during 1983.

(79) Thana’a Abdul Salam Muhammad, The Iraqi Federation of Industries, the internal system of the Federation of Industries, (Baghdad, 1990).

(80) Al-Sinai Magazine, No. 4, (Baghdad, 1972), p. 23.