First Reference

- Ibn al-Atheer, Ezzedine Abu al-Hassan Ali bin Mohammed bin Abdul Karim al-Shaibani (T630H): Full in History, Investigation: Mohammed Youssef Al-Daqaq, Scientific Book House, (Beirut/1987).

- Ibn Bassam, Abu al-Hassan Ali Al-Shantrini (T542 Ah): Ammunition in the merits of the people of Al Jazeera investigation: Ihsan Abbas, Dar al-Culture (Beirut / 1997).

- Al-Hamwi, Badreddine Mohammed Ibrahim al-Kanani (T733H): Document of soldiers in the mechanisms of jihad, investigation: Osama Nasser al-Qalqashandi, Dar al-Hurriya, (Baghdad / 1983).

- Al-Hamri, Mohammed bin Abdel Moneim (T900 Ah): Al-Rawd al-Ma'tar in the news of the countries, investigation: Ihsan Abbas, T2, Dar al-Sarraj printing presses, (Beirut/ 1980).

- Ibn Khaldun Abdul Rahman bin Mohammed bin Mohammed Abu Zeid and Wali al-Din al-Hadrami (t. 808 Ah): Al-Abar, diwan al-Starter and Al-Khobar in the history of the Arabs, Ajam and Berbers, and their contemporaries of the Great Sultan, investigation: Khalil Shehadeh and Suhail Zakkar (Dar al-Fikr /DT).

- Ibn Khalkan, Abu Abbas Shamseddine Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Abi Bakr (t. 681 Ah): Deaths of dignitaries and news of time, investigation: Ihsan Abbas, Dar al-Culture (D.N. 1968).

- The son of Abi Dinar, Abu Abdullah Sheikh Mohammed bin Abu Al-Qasim al-Rahani al-Kirwani (he was alive 1110 Ah): the sociable in African news and Tunisia, The Tunisian State Press(Tunisia/1869).

- Al-Dhahabi, Shamseddine Abu Abdullah Mohammed bin Ahmed (T. 748 Ah): The Biography of the Nobles, The Investigation of Shoaib Al-Arnaout, I3, Al-Resala Foundation (DN/ 1985).

- Ibn Abi Zar Abu Al-Hassan Ali bin Mohammed al-Fassi (t after 726 Ah): Al-Anis, the singer of the stationery kindergarten in the news of the kings of Morocco and the history of fez, pictures of printing, (Rabat/1972).

- Al-Zahrai, Abu Abdullah Mohammed bin Bakr (Q6 E): Geography Book, Investigation: Mohammed Haj Sadiq, Library of Culture, (Port Said/DT).

Ibn Said, Abu Al-Hassan Ali Ben Moussa al-Maghribi (T685H): Geography, Investigation: Ismail Al Gharbi, Commercial Library of Printing, (Beirut/1970).

Al-Samali, Abbas Ben Ibrahim Qazi Marrakesh (t1378 Ah): Media of those who have been dissolved in Marrakesh and the majority of the media, investigation: Abdelwahab Ben Mansour, I2, Royal Press (Rabat /1998).

Al-Salawi, Abu Abbas Ahmed bin Khaled al-Nassiri (T1315 Ah): Survey of the news of the Countries of the Far Maghreb investigation, Jafar Nasseri and Mohamed Nassiri, Dar al-Book, (Casablanca/ DT).

- The son of the prayer holder, Abdelmalek (T594 Ah): The imamate of the history of the Land of Morocco and Andalusia during the reign of the Almohads, investigation: Abdelhadi Tarzi, T3, Dar al-Gharbi al-Islami (Beirut/ 1987).

- Al-Saqfi, Rizkallah Menqrius (t after 1326 Ah): History of the States of Islam, Al Hilal Press, (Egypt/1907).

- Ibn Adhari, Abu Abbas Ahmed Ben Mohamed (he was alive in 712 Ah): Morocco's statement in the news of the kings of Andalusia and Morocco, investigation: Bashar Awad Marouf and Mohamed Bashar Marouf, Dar al-Gharbi al-Islami(Tunisia/2013).

- Ibn Amira al-Makhzoumi, Abu al-Muthaf Ahmed bin Abdullah (T658 Ah): The History of Miora, Investigation: Mohammed bin Muammar, Dar al-Suri al-Suri , (Beirut / 2007).

- Abu al-Fida Ismail bin Ali al-Ayoubi (T732H): The Calendar of Countries, Dar Sader (Beirut/ DT).

- Ibn al-Qattan, Abu Mohammed Hassan bin Ali bin Mohammed bin Abdul Malik al-Katami (Q7 Ah): Al-Juman organized to arrange the above-mentioned news of time, investigation: Mahmoud Ali Makki, Dar al-Gharbi al-Islami (Beirut/DT).

- Saneddine bin Al-Khatib, Abu Abdullah Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Saeed al-Granadi Al-Andalusi (T776H): Briefing on Granada News, Investigation: Mohammed Abdullah Annan,i2, Khanji Library , (Cairo/1973).

- An anonymous author (11/6 Ah): Foresight in the wonders of the sight, the realization of Saad Zaghloul AbdelHamid, the Moroccan publishing house (Casablanca/1985).

- Anonymous Author (T.C.B.C./12 A.D.): History of Andalusia, Investigation: Abdelkader Boubaia, House of Scientific Books , (Beirut / 2007).

- Anonymous author (T8H/13 AD): Berber feats, investigation: Abdelkader Boubaia, Dar Abi Errak , (Rabat / 2005).

Al-Marrakchi, Abdelwahid Mohieddin Ben Ali Tamimi (T647H): Admirer in summarizing Morocco's news, investigation: Mohamed Zenham Mohamed Azab, Dar al-Farjani (D.N./1994).

- Al-Matarzi, Abu al-Fath Nasser al-Din bin Abd El Sayed Ben Ali (T610H): Morocco in the order of the Arabs, investigation: Mahmoud Fakhoury and Abdelhamid Mokhtar, Osama bin Zeid Library, (Aleppo/1979).

- Mogadishu, Mahmoud (T1228H): A picnic of attention in the wonders of dates and news, investigation: Ali Zouari and Mohammed Mahfouz, Dar al-Gharbi al-Islami, (Beirut / 1988).

- Al-Muqari, Abu Abbas Ahmed bin Mohammed Al-Tlemceni (T1041H): Nafh al-Tayeb from the branch of Al-Andalus al-Tayeb, investigation: Ihsan Abbas, Dar Sader, (Beirut / DT)

- Minister Al-Sarraj, Abu Abdullah Mohamed ben Mohamed Al-Andalusi (lived between Q7 and 8 Ah): The Sindhis analysis in the Tunisian news, the Tunisian State Press(Tunisia / 1871).

- Yakut al-Hamwi, Abu Abdullah bin Abdullah (T626H): Dictionary of Countries, Dar al-Fikr (Beirut / DT)

Modern References

- Arslan, Shakib: The Sindhi analysis in Andalusian news and antiquities, the House of the Library of Life, Beirut / DT).

- Eshbach, Youssef: The History of Andalusia during the Era of the Almoravids and The United, translated by Mohammed Abdullah Annan, I2, Al Khanji Library(Cairo / 1996).

Provencal, Levy: The Sum of Unified Letters from the Establishment of the Book of the Momenian State, The Economic Press (Rabat/1941).

- Tazi, Abdelhadi Anavar: The Diplomatic History of Morocco (Morocco / 1987).

- Movements, Ibrahim: Morocco throughout history, Dar al-Rashad(Casablanca/ 2000).

- Al-Salabi: The precious essence of the state of al-Morabitin, the Islamic Publishing and Distribution House (Cairo / 2003).

- Al-Abadi, Ahmed Mokhtar: Studies in the history of Morocco and Andalusia, University Youth Foundation (Alexandria/DT).

- Annan: Mohammed Abdullah: The State of Islam in Andalusia, The Khanji Library (Cairo / 1990).

- Mahmoud, Hassan Ahmed: The Establishment of the State of the Almoravids, Dar al-Fikr, (Cairo / DT).

Theses References

- Boularas, Khamisi: The Art of War in the Islamic West during the Modern Almoravids and The Unified, An Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Hajj Lakhdar Banta University, 2014.

- Shaheen, Ali Qanbar Elias: The city of Ceuta from the time of the Almohads to the Portuguese occupation (540-818 Ah/1145-1145 AD), a civilized political study, an unpublished master's letter, Mosul University, 2003.

- Abdul Jabbar, Siddiqui: The fall of the Almohad state is an analytical study of the causes and repercussions, an unpublished master's letter submitted to Abu Bakr Al-Qayed University, 2014.

- Al-Hrifi, Salama Mohammed Suleiman: Political conditions and the most important manifestations of the civilized development of the Almoravid state under Ali bin Yusuf bin Tashfeen (500-537 Ah), unpublished master's thesis, Um al-Qura University, 1982.

- Al-Hanada, Adly Mohamed Ali Saleh: The Situation of the Islamic Fleet in Morocco during the 5th and 6th centuries Hijri, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Yarmouk University, 1998.

Research and periodicals:

- Dakhil, mundhir asmieil : The impact of Islamic ethics on the era of the rulers of Andalusia in building the Islamic state during the Emirate era (138-316 Ah 755-929 AD) , Tikrit University Journal for Humanities sciences , Issue27, Volume8 ,2020. 45- Salih , qabs faruq and khalf , muayid hamid : Economic life in Andalusia in the era of Taifa kings(422-484 Ah 1031-1019AD) , Tikrit University Journal for Humanities sciences ,2018.

foreign references

- Pasctial de Gayangos , The History of the Mohammedan dynasties in spain, New York, 1964.

-Charles-André Julien, Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord: Tunisie, Algérie, Maroc, Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France, Paris, 1931.