Main Article Content

Harith A. AL-Tikrity
harith_abd2016@tu.edu.iq
Ayad Khalaf Daham
harith_abd2016@tu.edu.iq

Abstract

The geographical location had a negative impact on the economic life of the Kingdom. The Zionist entity, and behind it the United States of America, played an important role in creating a secure environment so as to maintain the security of the Zionist entity and its continued existence. Peace process between the two sides did not take place depending upon real motives of spontaneous reconciliation. The Hashemite kingdom has difficulties that called it to move on towards that action for which it has been criticized, whether from Arab countries or Islamic one. There are many reasons that called the Kingdom of Jordan to move towards rapprochement with the Zionist entity. For the purpose of presenting the subject in a historical way, the study is divided into several axes: the first axis discussed political motives, the second axis studied economic motives, and the third axis was devoted to clarifying the Jordanian-Zionist negotiations, and finally the signing of the Jordanian-Zionist peace treaty being clarified in the last axis.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Article Details

How to Cite
AL-Tikrity, H. A., & Daham, A. K. (2022). Economic and Political Motives and their Impact on the Jordanian-Zionist Rapprochement 1991-1994. Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities, 29(9, 2), 196–218. https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.29.9.2.2022.10
Section
Articles

References

- Hamed Abdullah Talafha and Ibrahim Faour Al-Shara’a, Jordan’s Modern History and Teaching Methods, Amman, 2000.

- Ali Al-Saad Khasas, The American occupation of Iraq and its impact on Iraqi-Jordanian relations 2003-2010, master’s thesis (unpublished), Faculty of Arts, University of the Middle East, 2011 .

- Farouk al-Quddusi, Palestine between the past and the present – excerpts from history and the current situation, Arab Center for Strategic Studies, Beirut, 1998.

- Othman Al-Othman, presenter of the political settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict, Beirut, the University Foundation for Studies and Publishing And distribution, 2003.

- Joseph Alpher,’Israelis security concerns in the peaces’ International Affairs, vol. 70,No 2 1200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2625232

- Mudar Badran, Al-Qarar, Beirut, The Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing, 2020 General Anthonye. Zinni. Usme, the encyclopedia of the Arab-Israel conflict (A Political, social, and military IIistory), United States of America, 2008.

- Nigel Hamilton, American Caesars Lives of Presidents from Franklin Roosevelt to George W. Bush, 2nd Edition, Beirut, 2015. On Conservatism, Constrained Democracy, The Case of Jordan 1989-1999, Beirut, Center for Arab Unity Studies, 2001.

- Muhammad Ali Omar, the readers, the deceptive peace, from the Madrid conference to the Al-Aqsa Intifada, 1991-2000, Amman, 2001. Taher Kanaan, The Economic Dimensions of the Declaration of Principles of Autonomy, Journal of Palestinian Studies, Center for Palestinian Studies.

- Muhammad Jawad Ali and others, The Jordanian-Zionist Treaty and its Effects on Iraq, Proceedings of the Second Annual Scientific Conference of the Center for International Studies 1997-1998, Strategic Studies, p. (5), Center for International Studies, University of Baghdad, 1998.

- The Jordanian newspaper Al-Dustour, on 3/31/1994.

- Al-Rai, Issue 7431, on December 1, 1990.

- Ghazi An-Nahar, The Jordanian Foreign Political Decision towards the Gulf Crisis, Amman, 1992 Jordan, the United States.

- Mary E. Marris, New Political Realities and the Gulf, Egypt, Syri1993.

- Manar Muhammad Al-Rashwani, The Policies of Structural Adjustment and Political Stability in Jordan during the period (1989-1997), a letter Unpublished MA, House of Wisdom Institute, Al al-Bayt University, Jordan, 1999.

- Hamad Hamdan Al-Masalha, Studies in the Jordanian Parliament, Volume 2, Amman, 2000.

- Awad Taleb, International Trade, Theories and Policies, Amman, Institute of International Studies, 1995.

- Mazhar Khazal Faisal, The Role of the United States in the Arab-Israeli Settlement since 1991, Ph.D. Thesis (unpublished) College of Political Science, University of Baghdad, 2004.

- Seih Al-Maaytah – A Jordanian Escalation on the Issue of the American Siege on Aqaba, Palestine Al-Salma Journal, P. (5), Beirut, 17- Ahmad Sameh Al-Khalidi and Hussein Agha, Likud Government – Some Political Characteristics of the Palestinian Movement, Register of Palestinian Studies, p. (28), Beirut, 1996. Air 1994.

- Al-Rai Newspaper, Issue 8326, May 30, 1993.

- Al-Rai, Issue 8403, on 08/18/1993.

- Al-Rai, Issue 8496, Amman, on November 9, 1993.

- Muhammad Hassanein Heikal, Secret Negotiations between the Arabs and Israel, Peace of Illusions, Oslo and Before and After, Book Three.

- Suleiman Al-Mousa, Jordan’s Political History, p. (2000; Muhammad Ahmad Khalaf, the Arab position on the projects of the Arab-Zionist conflict 1991-2000). A historical study) Amman, Dar Ghaida Publishing and Distribution, 2020.

- Jordanian Media Committee, Peace Treaty between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the State of Israel, 10/26/1994, Author No. (18), Amman, I (2), 1994. Dar Al-Shorouk, 3rd floor, Beirut, 1996.

- Isaac Shasir, memoirs, translated: Dar Al-Jalil for Publishing, Palestinian Studies and Research, Amman, 1994.

- (17), Beirut, 1994.

- Osama Al-Mudallal, The usurped Arab waters: the problem and the solution, Al-Resala magazine, p. (8), Amman, 1996.