Applying the CAR-PAP Mathematical Methodology in Assessing the Quality and Quantity of Water Erosion in the Wadi Bash Tapa Basin Using Modern Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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Abstract
Water erosion is a natural problem that leads to soil degradation in watershed basins due to flowing water, from falling raindrops impacting the surface to surface runoff ending in valley channels. It is considered one of the significant geomorphological processes due to its impact on human activities. This process transports soil and alters its chemical and physical properties by removing fertile surface layers, which in turn reduces arable land, often already limited in mountainous areas ultimately leading to reduced agricultural productivity.
Water erosion processes are influenced by several natural factors such as climate, soil type, land cover, and slope. To determine the severity of the issues caused by erosion, it is essential to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify its causes using quantitative mathematical models. One such model is the )PAP-CAR( model, known for its accuracy in simulating remote sensing data and measuring water erosion, thus enabling scientifically informed decision-making to mitigate negative environmental impacts.
The results showed that the qualitative and quantitative assessment of water erosion using the )PAP/CAR) model revealed variation across the model's indicators. The current erosion development index ranged from low to moderate, covering areas of (88–99 km²) respectively. The land erodibility index also varied between low and moderate, covering (83–95 km²). The soil protection index ranged between moderate and severe, covering (91–92 km²). The qualitative erosion evaluation index showed values ranging from low to moderate, with areas of (103–150 km²). As for the quantitative erosion evaluation index, erosion levels varied from low to moderate across most parts of the basin, covering (92–113 km²). These variations are attributed to differences in rock hardness, presence of natural vegetation, and variability in vegetation density from one area to another.
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