The Historical Evolution of Geopolitical Thought: From Ancient Civilizations to the Modern Era
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Abstract
Geopolitical thought is the result of the interaction between humans, space, and power throughout history. This thought has undergone several developmental stages, beginning with ancient civilizations, where it appeared in the perspectives of the Egyptians, Babylonians, and Greeks regarding the relationship between geography and governance, and was evident in the works of philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. During the Arab-Islamic era, geopolitical thought witnessed significant advancement through the contributions of Muslim scholars like Al-Maqdisi and Ibn Khaldun, who linked geography with urbanization and the structure of the state. In the modern era, this thought evolved into a more scientific and theoretical discipline, especially with the emergence of geopolitical schools in Europe and America that focused on concepts such as power, location, borders, and the global system. Tracing this historical evolution reveals how geopolitical thought has become a vital tool for understanding international relations and interpreting regional conflicts in the contemporary context.
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