بنو يفرن دورهم السياسي والاجتماعي في المغرب الأوسط خلال القرون الوسطى

Abstract

This study addresses the role of the Beni Yafran Zenata tribe in the Maghreb during the Middle Ages, focusing on political, social, and cultural aspects. The study reviewed the tribal origins of Beni Yafran, its emergence, and development, highlighting its ability to adapt to regional transformations by establishing independent political entities such as the Emirate of Salé. The tribe relied on its strategic geographical location to control vital trade routes, which enhanced its economic power and made it a center for regional trade. It also contributed to the spread of Islam and the promotion of Amazigh identity, which helped shape a distinctive local culture that combined Islamic values and Amazigh traditions. The study examines the interaction between Beni Yafran and major powers such as the Umayyad state and the Almoravids, illustrating the tribe's strategies for maintaining its independence through temporary alliances or armed resistance. The study also conducted a comparison between Beni Yafran and other Zenata tribes such as the Maghrawa and Beni Midrar, to highlight the different roles of these tribes in shaping the history of the Maghreb. The study concluded that Beni Yafran was an influential political and social force that significantly contributed to the formulation of regional history. The study recommends conducting further research on other Zenata tribes for a comprehensive understanding of tribal dynamics in North Africa.