عَلاماتُ الإِعرابِ - دراسة ألسنية في المصطلح والوظيفة - (( جمع وتقعيد وشرح وتطبيق ))

Abstract

The grammatical signs are limited to only nine signs, which are:  dhammah, fatha, the kasra, sukun, alif, yā’, wāw, nūn, and the deletion. Arabic has used five signs, some of which share the meaning of two grammatical aspects in certain cases, which are {the fatha, the kasra, the alif, and the yaa’ and the deletion of the nun}. Fourteen grammatical cases were distinguished for us, all of which do not depart from the cases of nominative, accusative, genitive, and jussive. The dhammah is for the nominative, the fatha is for the accusative, and the genitive noun is forbidden from declension, and the kasra is for the genitive. The dual and the sound masculine plural are genitive, and the nun is deleted to make the five verbs accusative and jussive. These terms {fathah, dhamma, and kasra} took their names from the positions of the mouth and the other organs it contains that determine the exits of sounds when pronouncing them and the movements that accompany them. Because it results from a strong dragging of the beard downwards, and the third was called fatha because it is generated by simply opening the mouth. Then these terms became a symbol of positions of syntactic expression and construction. Then these terms became clarified and their definition increased later as an inevitable result of the expansion of the vocal lesson and the expansion of its topics. As for the term sukoon, it was taken from the silence of the speech machine, because it is the opposite of movement, and movement is called movement because it moves the letter and attracts it to the letter of its kind.It must be pointed out that the vowels (signs) at the end of words {the fatha, the damma, and the kasra} are forms and parts of the vowels, and they act as those letters in directing the grammatical position of the singular, and that {sukun} is the disappearance of the movement on the consonant.