Iraqi Parliaments during the Monarchy Era 1925-1933: (Justifications of Formation and Reasons of Dissolution
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Abstract
Following the British occupation of Iraq in 1917 and the subsequent establishment of the monarchy, Prince Faisal bin Al-Hussein was inaugurated as King of Iraq on August 23, 1921. On October 19, 1922, a Royal Decree was issued to establish the Iraqi Constituent Assembly. The Assembly was tasked with three objectives: enacting Iraqi law (the constitution), enacting the House of Representatives election law, and ratifying the Iraqi-British treaty of 1922. Upon completion of these tasks, he proceeded to implement the monarchy system in Iraq in place of the parliamentary system of government. During the period of 1925-1933, four parliaments were established under the reign of King Faisal I, subsequent to the enactment of the House of Representatives election law on August 2nd, 1924. Consequently, Iraq has been embroiled in a state of political conflict among its politicians, resulting in the legislative authority becoming a casualty of this conflict. Many heads of ministries have formed parliaments and subsequently ordered their dissolution with the king's approval.
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References
First - government publications:
- The Iraqi Basic Law of 1925, Government Press, Baghdad, 1944, Article (32).
- The House of Representatives Election Law, Government Press, Baghdad, 1924, Article Eight.
- Memoirs of the Iraqi Constituent Assembly, Dar Al-Salam Press, Baghdad, 1924, Vol. 1.
Second - Arabic and Arabized books:
- Alan Palmer, Encyclopedia of Modern History, translated by: Sawsan Faisal Al-Saher and Yusef Muhammad Amin, Dar Al-Ma’moon for Translation and Publishing, Baghdad, 1992, Part 1.
- Hussein Jamil, Parliamentary life in Iraq (1925-1946) and the position of the people’s group towards it, Al-Adeeb Al-Baghdadiyah, Baghdad, 1983.
- Abd al-Razzaq al-Hassani, Iraq under the Treaties, Al-Rafidain, Beirut, 2013.
- Abd al-Razzaq al-Hassani, History of the Iraqi Ministries, House of Cultural Affairs, Baghdad, 1988, Part 2.
- Abd al-Razzaq al-Hassani, History of the Iraqi Ministries, House of Cultural Affairs, Baghdad, 1988, Part 3.
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Third - theses and university dissertations:
- Saeed Sakhir Sawadi Al-Hashemi, Naji Al-Suwaidi and his political role in Iraq, (1882-1942), master's thesis (unpublished), Ibn Rushd College of Education - University of Baghdad, 1990; Hassan Latif Kazem Al-Zubaidi.
- Akab Yousef Al-Rikabi, Hikmat Suleiman and his role in Iraqi politics until 1936, PhD thesis (unpublished), College of Arts - University of Basra, 2005.
Fourth - Research and Studies:
- Amjad Khudair Rahim Muhammad, The Iraqi Constituent Assembly and the tasks entrusted to it (1922-1924), Journal of Historical and Civilizational Studies, Volume (11), Issue (43), Part (22), 2020.
Fifth - Historical and political encyclopedias:
- Hassan Latif Kazem Al-Zubaidi, Encyclopedia of Iraqi Politics, Al-Arif Publications Foundation, Beirut, 2013.
- Hamid al-Mutaba’i, Encyclopedia of Iraq’s Notables and Scholars, Al-Zaman Foundation for Press and Publication, Baghdad, 2011, Part 1.
- Mir Al-Basri, The Signs of Politics in Modern Iraq, Riyad Al-Rayyes for authoring and publishing, Beirut, 1986.
- Encyclopedia of Modern History, translated by: Sawsan Faisal Al-Saher and Yusef Muhammad Amin, Dar Al-Ma’moon for Translation and Publishing, Baghdad, 1992, Part 1.
Sixth: Newspapers:
- Al-Istiqlal Newspaper: Al-Istiqlal Newspaper on March 27, 1924.
- The Iraqi Gazette: Issue (632), October 22, 1924.
- The Iraqi Gazette: Issue (617), January 23, 1928.
- Al-Alam Al-Arabi Newspaper: Issue (2659), November 10, 1932.