The Public Attitude Towards the British Referendum in Iraq 1918-1919
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Abstract
The popular referendum is a democratic process that allows for direct input from the public regarding support, approval, or rejection of any public issue. This may include legal, constitutional, or political matters, as well as decisions made by the executive and legislative branches of the state. The referendum serves as a democratic expression of the people's opinions and desires. It is important to note that when referring to "the people," this term is used in a political sense and does not encompass all citizens. Rather, it pertains specifically to those citizens who possess political rights, are listed in parliamentary election schedules, and meet the necessary voter requirements. This approach is commonly adopted by many countries in lieu of restricted voting. The utilization of a popular referendum serves as a clear embodiment of democratic principles, allowing for the inclusion of the general electorate in the representation of constitutional and socio-economic amendments. The proposed amendments have a direct impact on the individual's daily life. Therefore, it is imperative that the popular referendum includes two fundamental components for its successful implementation. Firstly, the popular referendum must be utilized to present a comprehensive matter to the public. Secondly, the people must issue a decision either approving or rejecting the matter at hand.To address the political situation in Iraq and fulfill Britain's goal of achieving formal independence, as outlined in the British-French declaration of November 1918, British policy indicated that the Iraqis were not yet prepared to assume autonomy. As such, it was deemed necessary to conduct a general referendum between the end of 1918 and the beginning of 1919. Regarding the governmental system advocated by the clan leaders and individuals with affiliations to the British authorities, By ratifying a specific formula, the established conditions guaranteed the preservation of direct British governance.
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