The Prophet Biography in Karen Armstrong Ideology between objectivity and problematic through her book (Muhammad (peace be upon him) a Prophet for our Time)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
There is no doubt that Orientalism and Orientalists have made the greatest and most dangerous effort in dealing with the nation’s heritage. If we want to follow the curricula of Orientalists in general in all their Orientalist schools, we will find it varying in terms of investigation, objectivity and liberation. The personality of the prophet Muhammad bin Abdullah (peace be upon him) constituted one of the most prominent topics addressed by orientalists, as he is the center of the Islamic message and the recipient of revelation. The composition about the image of the Arab prophet took different forms in the orientalist discourse, whether it was in the beginnings of the European Christian awareness of Islam and attempts to distort the image of The Prophet (peace be upon him), and the defamation of revelation and Islam, or at a later stage where Orientalism began to identify Islam, the Prophet and the Qur’an through Islamic texts, and Orientalist discourse moved away from stereotyped judgments.Great thinkers and authors have written about the Prophet, his personality and his biography, perhaps more than what Muslims have written. Among them is Karen Armstrong, who wrote several books on the biography of the Prophet and his leadership personality as he is a sent prophet, a political leader and a statesman. She became aware after the events of September 11, 2001 of the seriousness of what the Western media circulates about Islam and its Prophet (peace be upon him), trying to reduce the causes of this tension, and stressing that these accusations were not objective, and to confirm her opinion, she reviews many episodes of history in which the attitudes of Western politicians, clerics and intellectuals, and how these attitudes were hostile and unjust and far from sanity, dominated by hatred and ignorance. Because mistake is a necessary characteristic of a person, the writer, although she is classified among the orientalist writers who did justice to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), but she was wrong in several places. So, this paper came as a methodological attempt for the objective or problematic issues mentioned in the book .
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
College of Education for Humanities, TIKRIT UNIVERSITY. THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
References
Al-Athari, Ali bin Hassan: Investigation Evidence for Refuting the Story of the Granites, a narration and a know-how, Al-Sahaba Library (Cairo, 1412 AH / 1992 AD).
Armstrong, Karen: Muhammad A Biography of the Prophet, 2nd Ed., translated by: Dr. Fatima and Dr. Muhammad Anani, Sutur Al-Awal Publisher (Cairo, 1998).
____ Muhammad a Prophet for our Time, 1st Ed., translated by: Faten Al-Zalabani, Al-Shorouk International Library, (Cairo, 2008).
Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad Bin Yasar (151 AH / 768 AD). Al-Sir and Al-Maghazi, investigation: Suhail Zakkar, 1st Ed., Al-Fikr Publisher (Beirut, 1398 AH / 1978 AD).
Al-Albani, Muhammad Nasir Al-Din: Erecting Catapults to Blow Up the Story of Al-Gharaniq, 3rd Ed., The Islamic Office (Beirut, 1417 AH / 1996 AD).
Al-Bukhari, Muhammad bin Ismail (D.: 256 AH/869 AD): Sahih Al-Bukhari, investigation: Muhammad Zuhair Al-Nasser, 1st Ed., Touq Al-Najat Publisher (d. AD, 1422 AH).
Al-Bouti, Muhammad Ramadan. Fiqh Al-Sira, 25th Ed., Al-Fikr Publisher (Damascus, 1426 AH).
Djait, Hisham. The History of the Muhammadan Call in Mecca, Al-Tali`ah Publisher (Beirut, 2007).
Ibn Hazm, Ali bin Ahmed. Alfasl Fi Almalal Wal'ahwa' Walnahl, Al-Khanji Library (Cairo, No D.).
Al-Razi, Abu Abdullah bin Omar. Keys to the Unseen, 3rd Ed., Arab Heritage Revival Publisher (Beirut, 1420 AH).
Al-Ragheb, Abu Al-Qasim Al-Hussein bin Muhammad (d.: 502 AH / 1105 AD). Vocabulary in the Strange Qur’an, 1st Ed., Investigation: Safwan Adnan Al-Daoudi, Al-Qalam Publisher, Al-Shamiya Publisher (Damascus, Beirut, 1412 AH / 1991 AD).
Abu Zakaria, Yahya Al-Douri (d.: 233 AH). The History of Ibn Mu’in, Narration, 1st Ed., investigation: Ahmed Muhammad, Center for Scientific Research and the Revival of Islamic Heritage (Makkah Al-Mukarramah, 1399 AH / 1979 AD).
Ibn Saad, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Saad (d.: 230 AH/845 AD). Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, 1st Ed., Investigation: Muhammad Abdul-Qadir Atta, Scientific Books Publisher (Beirut, 1410 AH / 1990 AD).
Shayeb, Al-Akhdar. Muhammad’s Prophecy in Contemporary Orientalist Ideology, 1st Ed., Obeikan Library (Riyadh, 1422 AH / 2002 AD).
Al-Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir (d. 310 AH / 922 AD). History of Nations and Kings, 1st Ed, Scientific Books Publisher (Beirut, 1407 AH).
_____ Jami’ al-Bayan fi Ta'wel Al-Qur’an, 1st Ed., investigation: Ahmed Muhammad Shakir, Al-Resala Foundation (d. AD, 1420 AH / 2000 AD).
Ibn Ashour, Muhammad Al-Taher (d.: 1393 AH / 1973 AD). Liberation and Enlightenment, 1st Ed., Sahnoun Publisher (Tunisia, 1997).
- Ibn Al-Arabi, Judge Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Maliki (468-543 AH). Ahkam al-Qur’an, 3rd Ed., Investigation: Muhammad Abdul Qadir Atta, Scientific Books Publisher (Beirut, 1424 AH / 2003 AD).
Allouh, Muhammad. The Intellectual Invasion, 1st Ed., Al-Aqsa Publishing (Damascus, 2002).
Ali Jawad. Al-Mofassal fi Tarikh Al-Arab, Al-Saqi Publisher (No P., 2001).
Al-Omari, Walid. Biography of the Prophet in the Encyclopedia Britannica, King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Noble Qur’an (Saudi Arabia, 1425 AH).
Iyadh, Abu Al-Fadl bin Musa (d.: 544 AH / 1149 AD). Al-Shifa, Defining the Rights of Al-Mustafa, 2nd Ed., Al-Fayhaa Publisher (Amman, 1407 AH).
Al-Aini, Abu Muhammad Mahmoud bin Ahmed. Omdat Al-Qari'a, Explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari, 1st Ed., Arab Heritage Revival Publisher (Beirut, d. T.).
Al-Ghazali, Muhammad. Diseases and Medicines, 1st Ed., Nahda Publisher (Egypt, Dr. T.).
____ Fiqh Al-Seerah, 6th Ed., Al-Da`wah Publisher (Cairo, 1421 AH / 2000 AD).
Al-Ghadban, Munir Muhammad (1435 AH). The kinetic curriculum of the Prophet's biography, 6th Ed., Al-Manar Library (Zarqa, 1411 AH / 1990 AD).
Ibn Katheer, Ismail bin Omar (d. 774 AH / 1372 AD). The Beginning and the End, 1st Ed., investigation: Ali Shiri, Revival of Arab Heritage Publisher (Damascus, 1408 AH / 1988 AD).
____ Interpretation of the Great Qur’an, 1st Ed., investigation: Muhammad Husain Shams al-Din, Scientific Books Publisher (Beirut, 1419 AH).
____ Biography of the Prophet, 1st Ed., investigation: Mustafa Abdel Wahed, Al-Maarifa Publisher (Beirut, 1395 AH / 1976 AD).
Al-Mubarakphuri, Muhammad Abdul Rahman (d.: 1353 AH / 1934 AD). Tuhfat Al-Ahwadhi with the explanation of Jami’ Al-Tirmidhi, Scientific Books Publisher (Beirut, No D.).
Muzahim, Haitham. Montaumeri Watt and Islamic Studies, 1st Ed., presented by: Radwan Al-Sayed, Jadawel Publisher (Beirut, 2017).
Muslim, Abu Al-Husain Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj (261 AH/875 AD). Sahih Muslim, 1st Ed., investigation: Muhammad Fouad Abdel-Baqi, Revival of Arab Heritage Publisher (Beirut, No D).
- Ibn Manzur, Muhammad bin Makram (d.: 711 AH/1311 AD). Lisan Al-Arab, investigation: Abdullah Al-Kabir et al., 3rd Ed., Sader Publisher (Beirut, 1414 AH / 1993 AD).
- Al-Nadawi, Abu Al-Hasan Ali (d.: 1420 AH). The Biography of the Prophet, 12th Ed., Ibn Kathir Publisher (Damascus, 1425 AH).
- Ibn Hisham, Abd Al-Malik (d.: 213 AH / 828 AD). Biography of the Prophet, 2nd Ed., investigation: Mustafa Al-Sakka and his brothers, Mustafa Press (Cairo, 1375 AH / 1955 AD).
Heikal, Muhammad Husain. The Life of Muhammad (peace be upon him), 14th Ed., Al Maaref Publisher (Cairo, 1977 AD).