Forgiveness and Retribution in Pre-Islamic Poetry
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Abstract
The social structure in the pre-Islamic era was based on the tribe, which consisted of several clans that were sometimes in harmony and at other times in conflict. Poetry served as a medium for both fueling disputes and blessing reconciliations. It was the refuge of the pre-Islamic individual—used to stir emotions, calm tensions, and express the thoughts and deep feelings within.
This study examines forgiveness and retaliation in pre-Islamic poetry, given the widespread phenomena of vengeance and killing that characterized life in that era. The pre-Islamic poet often found himself torn between the fire of revenge—seeking justice for the self—and forgiveness, due to social and tribal constraints that prevented retaliation. These themes are prominently reflected in many pre-Islamic poems. The research explores the artistic treatment of forgiveness and retaliation within the textual structure of the pre-Islamic ode (qasīda), through an analytical study of selected poetic examples.
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