Al-Mubarrad’s (d. 285 AH) Influence on Al-Qurtubi’s (d. 671 AH) Al-Jamiʿ li-Aḥkam al-Qur’an Ellipsis as a Model
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Abstract
This study explores the profound grammatical impact that Al-Mubarrad exerted on Al-Jami’ li-Ahkam al-Qur’an (The Compendium of Qur’anic Rulings) authored by Imam Al-Qurtubi, particularly in the subject of ellipsis, which is a prominent syntactic feature in the Qur’an. Al-Qurtubi relied on Al-Mubarrad’s opinions in interpreting numerous verses, adopting his grammatical approach in postulating omitted elements and uncovering the implicit meanings behind them. The forms of ellipsis addressed by Al-Mubarrad and reflected in Al-Qurtubi’s exegesis are diverse. Among these is the omission of the direct object, wherein Al-Mubarrad demonstrated how the speaker can dispense with explicitly mentioning the object when it is indicated by context or required by the situation, as seen in certain verses where omitted objects are inferred from the general meaning of the text .Another instance is the omission of the conditional apodosis, where Al-Mubarrad highlighted the precision involved in this type of ellipsis, as the omitted result clause is estimated in a way that suits the conditional particle and the context. Al-Qurtubi employed this principle in interpreting several verses with conditional structures. Additionally, Al-Mubarrad pointed to the omission of the relative pronoun or parts of its clause when the context sufficiently indicates its presence, a notion adopted by Al-Qurtubi in interpreting passages where the relative pronoun is absent in wording but understood implicitly. Moreover, Al-Mubarrad clarified, in various contexts, the significance of omitting tanwīn (nunation) and the emphatic nūn, whether for purposes of phonetic lightening or grammatical estimation. Al-Qurtubi relied on this grammatical rule in explaining certain Qur’anic readings. A particularly notable type of ellipsis discussed by Al-Mubarrad is the omission of the annexed term (al-muḍāf) and the substitution of the annexed-to term (al-muḍāf ilayh) in its place, where the latter assumes the syntactic and semantic role of the former due to the clear indication of meaning. Al-Qurtubi applied this technique in his commentary on verses where such constructions appear.Furthermore, the variety of Qur’anic readings (qiraat) has demonstrated a clear impact on instances of omission and retention within the sacred text.
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