Geomorphological Assessment of Water Erosion in the Area between Al-Tawila and Al-Mahouz, West of Kirkuk Governorate
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Abstract
Water erosion is one of the most prominent geomorphological phenomena that profoundly influences the formation and change of the surface of earth over time, especially in environments characterized by marked climatic and hydrological variability and unstable terrain. The importance of this phenomenon lies in its direct impact on soil stability, declining agricultural land productivity, and deteriorating vegetation cover. It also contributes to the loss of natural resources and, in some cases, the formation of gullies, erosion, and landslides. In light of these challenges, the need for accurate geomorphological studies to shed light on the nature and severity of water erosion is increasing, particularly in areas exposed to intense human pressures, such as uncontrolled urban expansion, overgrazing, clearing of vegetation cover, and irrational land use. Hence, the importance of selecting the area between Al-Tawila and Al-Mahouz, west of Kirkuk Governorate, as it represents an ideal environment for studying the interaction between natural and human factors and their direct impact on the escalation of erosion processes.
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