The Effectiveness of an Educational Program Based on Bales' Theory of Social Interaction in Modifying the Sensitive Personality among Students of the Northern Technical University
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Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program based on Bales’ theory of social interaction in modifying the highly sensitive personality traits among students at the Northern Technical University. The study sample consisted of 44 male and female students, intentionally selected from the Departments of Information and Library Technologies and Library Management Technologies at the Technical Institute/Nineveh for the academic year 2024–2025. The participants were distributed into four equivalent groups: two experimental groups (males and females, 20 students in total) and two control groups (males and females, 24 students in total). The researchers designed an educational program grounded in Bales’ theory and developed a psychometric scale for measuring highly sensitive personality. The scale comprised 33 items covering three dimensions: negative personal sensitivity, interpersonal sensitivity, and emotional withdrawal. The scale’s validity, reliability, and psychometric properties were verified. The program was implemented from October 15 to December 3, 2024, at a rate of two sessions per week. Data were analyzed post-intervention using two-way ANOVA. The results revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in favor of the experimental groups. No significant differences were found due to gender or the interaction between gender and the program. Recommendations for future research and educational interventions were provided.
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