موقع العــــراق الاستراتيجي مع دول جــــــــــــــوارهِ الجغــــرافي

Abstract

The state is responsible for formulating its policies regarding neighboring countries. A weak state often finds itself subordinate to its neighbors, lacking legitimacy and exhibiting minimal political decision-making. Consequently, it is vulnerable to the whims of geographically adjacent nations. In contrast, strong states act as decision-makers, often serving as arenas for the resolution of conflicts involving other countries, as seen in Iraq. These powerful nations become centers for issuing directives that affect their neighboring countries, leaving weaker states with little choice but to comply. The existence of borders creates areas of isolation and separation between countries and peoples, which can have significant economic, social, and psychological repercussions. Borders may hinder social interactions among populations, even when there are shared religious, ethnic, or clan affiliations. As a result, borders frequently become sources of psychological distress for individuals on both sides. Reason: Improved clarity, vocabulary, and technical accuracy while maintaining the original meaning.

The political borders generally appear as horizontal lines on the Earth's surface. However, these borders are vertical in three-dimensional space, extending from the sky down to the Earth's surface. Despite this, the boundaries of sovereign airspace have not yet been clearly defined. Additionally, disputes arise not only over shared mineral resources between countries but also regarding sovereignty over maritime areas and the submerged land beneath them.