The International Attitude towards the Fashoda Crisis and Its Impact on the Egyptian Attitude 1898-1899
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
England achieved its dream of controlling Egypt because of its strategic importance in extending its influence in the region. It was supported because of its influence and maintenance of its empires and colonies in the East, especially its presence in India. Its occupation of Egypt in 1882 is considered a great victory, at a time when its usurpation is a violation of the sanctity of another country from the point of view of its people. Because it was based on the violation of rights and was carried out with military force and destroyed its independence. One of the motives for this occupation, in addition to securing the protection of its colonies, was the economic gains it achieved and political gains when England began to apply its policy that serves its interests even if it was at the expense of the colonial countries. The Fashoda crisis occurred, which is the famous crisis that almost led to war between France and Britain at the expense of Egypt and Sudan.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Muhammad Gamal Al-Masadi, Denshway, The Egyptian General Book Organization, Egypt, 1974.
Abd al-Rahman al-Rafi'i, Mustafa Kamel, the instigator of the national movement, Dar al-Ma'arif for printing and publishing, Cairo, dt.
Shehata Issa Ibrahim, The Greats of Patriotism in Egypt in the Modern Era, the Egyptian General Book Organization, Cairo, 1977.
Ahmed Abd al-Rahim Mustafa, Egypt's Political History from the Occupation to the Treaty 1882-1906, Dar al-Ma'arif for printing and publishing, Cairo, 1967
Ahmed Shafiq Pasha, My Memoirs in Half a Century, The Egyptian General Book Organization, Egypt, 1998, Part 2.
Arthur Edward Goldsmith, The Egyptian National Party, translated by: Fouad Daoud, The Egyptian General Book Organization, Cairo, 1982.
Suha Suleiman Ali, The Emergence of Political Parties in Egypt 1907-1914, Master Thesis (unpublished), College of Education, Tikrit University, 2010.
Ramzy Mikhael, The Egyptian Press and the National Movement 1882-1922, The Egyptian General Book Organization, Cairo, 1996.
Theodore Rothsin, History of the Egyptian Question 1875-1910, translated by: Abdul Hamid Al-Abadi and Omar Badran, Dar Al-Wahda for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, 1981.
Mustafa Al-Nahhas, Jabr Youssef, The Policy of the British Occupation towards the National Movement 1906-1914, The Egyptian Book Organization, Cairo, 1975.
Shahdi Attia El-Shafei, The Development of the Egyptian National Movement 1882-1956, 11th edition, Cairo, 1957.
Ahmed Lutfi Al-Sayed Pasha, Folded Pages from the History of the Independence Movement in Egypt, Egypt, 1946.
Ahmed Zakaria Al Shalaq, Landmarks of the Modern and Contemporary History of Egypt and Sudan, Egypt, 1986.
Ahmed Zakaria Al Shalaq, The Umma Party and its Role in Egyptian Politics, Dar Al Maarif for printing and publishing, 1979.
Muhammad Hamza Hussein al-Dulaimi, British Policy towards the National Movement in Egypt 1882-1914, College of Education, University of Mosul, 2007.
Muhammad Abdel Aziz Omar, History of Modern and Contemporary Arabs, Dar Al-Nahda for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, 1980.
Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, Egyptian and Western translations, Hindawi Foundation for Printing and Publishing, Egypt, 2017.
Ahmed Rashad Mustafa Kamel, His Life and Struggle, Al-Saada Press for Printing and Publishing, Cairo, 1958.
John Marlowe, Cromer in Egypt , London , Elek book , 1970.
Every Mans, Encyclopedia , Fourth Edition, London.
Zaki Fahmy, The Elite of the Age in the History and Drawings of Famous Men of Egypt, Madbouly Library for Printing and Publishing, Cairo 1995.
Lamie Al-Mutaie, Encyclopedia of 1000 Egyptian Personalities, Cairo, 2006.
Philippe Chassaigne and Michael Dockriu , Anglo – French Relations 1898-1998 From Fashoda to Jospin, College London.
Sobat River. Online Library Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008.
Ahmed Rashad Mustafa Kamel, His Life and Struggle, Al-Saada Press for Printing and Publishing, Cairo, 1958.
Bahr Al-Ghazal, International Information Network (Internet), available at the following link: https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki.
Bahr al-Ziraf, International Information Network (Internet), available at the following link: https://ar.wikipedia.org/wikiD
Muhammad Tawfiq al-Bakri, International Information Network (Internet), available at the following link: https://almoqtabas.com/ar/biographies/view/25965344409519244