THE IMPORTANCE OF AL-MADAIN CITE IN THE ISLAMIC HISTORY AND MODERN HISTORY
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Abstract
A variety of ethnicities and religions settled in Al-Mada'in, the percentage of each group varied according to the nature of the conditions that originally surrounded them. A group whose origins date back to the country of Daylam inhabited Al-Mada'in. As for the members of the Christian community, they had a wide historical extension that extended for centuries. Historical sources reported that Al-Mada'in was the seat of the Church of the East. The Jews during the Sasanian era had a large community in Al-Mada'in; there was a Jewish school for higher education since the third century. As for the Arabs, after the conquest of al-Mada’in, the first to settle there were the fighters, Saad had intended to reside there for which he brought the families to the houses of al-Mada’in to settle in.
Al-Mada'in was a station for commercial caravans, due to its proximity to the market of Baghdad and the housing of many merchants. The importance of al-Mada'in emerged with the beginning of the Islamic conquest movements, becoming a base for Muslim armies and a place to continue to conquer the rest of the land of Sawad. Al-Mada'in then became the seat and base for the military activities opposing the state during the Rashidun era and beyond.
Among the first movements of the Kharijites was the rebellion of Saad bin Al-Qafl against Imam Ali in the year (38 AH) in Al-Mada'in. At the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate, Al-Mada'in was the scene of the events of the killing of Abu Muslim al-Khorasani. Al-Mada'in remained inhabited until the fall of Baghdad in 656 AH / 1258 CE, so Hulaku took it as a camp for his soldiers as he advanced on Baghdad.
In spite of all the sabotage, neglect and migration of its people to the Islamic lands that were built later, and despite the fact that it lost its political position, it preserved its intellectual and cultural role through what it gave birth to from the scholars over continuous centuries. Among them were the speakers, jurists, grammarians, poets, informants, historians and ascetics.
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