The American Forces in Algeria during the Second World War and Its Impact upon the Political Life
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Abstract
When the Second World War broke out, 1939-1945, the balance of political forces in the world turned, especially in Europe itself, which negatively affected its colonies in Africa and other countries, including Algeria, which had suffered from the French occupation, which violated its land and goods since 1830 AD, and left thousands of dead and immigrants. Many unfair laws were imposed on Algeria, the aim of which was to undermine the freedoms and aspirations of the population and infringe on their rights guaranteed by the heavenly religions and international norms, but after the Germans entered the French capital Paris and took control of it on 14th., June, 1940, the Vichy puppet government appeared to the Germans headed by French Marshal Petain Who expelled a number of his opponents, replaced the French administration in Algeria with his supporters, and imposed himself and his presence on the Maghreb region with the help of the Axis countries, but General de Gaulle's cooperation with Britain and the preparation of a strong trained army and the formation of the Free France Forces made him agree with the United States of America to purify the Arabic West from the axis forces and the liberation of France from the German occupation. American forces landed in Algeria on 8th., November, 1942, and drew up a plan to exclude the Axis countries that were under Rommel's command and restore control over them again. After three weeks of fighting, Rommel retreated so that the allies took control of the port of Benghazi, and American forces rushed from Morocco to Algeria via the city of Fadala. The Moroccan forces clashed with the French forces who supported Vichy, who exercised governance and administration in Algeria for three consecutive days, and ended with the agreement of the two parties on the control of the allies over Algeria, and thus the Free France forces regained control of Algeria, and the Resident General Giroud launched a campaign to release a number of detainees, and he made an agreement with the political parties to support France until victory, promising them the spoils after the victory. As a result, the Algerian patriots began to move to attain the expected independence. They submitted an official memorandum to the responsible authorities (French and American) on 20th., December, 1942, in which they demanded the holding of a conference to establish a political, social and economic system for Algeria, but it was rejected, followed by another memorandum after issuing a peace statement To General Marcel Burton on 31, March, 1943, but he settled those demands, and thus the French authorities adopted the maneuvering method to contain the Algerian demands, and the French Liberation Committee led by General De Gaulle began to consider the Algerian demands, but after General Catroux was appointed a general resident, he began to disperse the ranks of the Algerians and enforced a number of them had to abandon the demands, and his reign began with a massacre following the presentation of demands, thus ending the Algerians' dream of getting rid of the occupation that crammed on their chests for more than a hundred years.
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