People of Dhimmah during the Reign of Sultan Al – Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The follower of the conditions of the people of the Dhimmah in the framework of the Islamic Arab state finds that they lived in peace and safety for long periods, despite the existence of some of the harassment that takes place under the Sultan. The conquest of Egypt was swift and complete. When these Islamic conquests were stabilized and the country was protected from Byzantine attacks, Muslims were able to manage Egypt excellently. They did not oblige others to believe in Islam. By contrast, the Islamic justice stimulated many people to follow it. Its tolerance and justice were among the most important reasons for the success of the early Muslims in ruling Egypt—a matter that can be represented in the following statement: “ live and let others live”. Thus, the spirit of harmony and coexistence between members of the Egyptian community, including Muslims and the people of the Dhimma, continued during the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
First: Primary sources –
- Badr al-Din al-Ayni:
'Iqd al-Juman fi TarikhAhl al-Zaman in the era of the Mameluke Sultans (Egyptian General Book Commission, Cairo 1992)
- Taqi al-Din Abu Abbas Ahmed al-Maqrizi.
Suluk li-Ma'rifatDuwal al-Muluk ,Mohammed Abdelkader Atta Rev. (DarAlkutubAlelmyiaBeirut: No date)
Al-Mawa'idhwa-al-I'tibar be thikr al-Khitatwaalathaar known as Al-Maqriziyah plans, Khalil Mansour Rev. (Dar AlkutubAlelmyia, Beirut: 1998 A.D)
- Jamal al-Din Abi Al-Mahsin Youssef bin TaghreedBardi.
Alnujoom al-Zahirah fi TareekhMolouk Masr wa-al-qahira, Mohammed Hussein Shamseddine Rev. (Dar AlkutubAlelmyia, Beirut: 1999 A.D)
- Shihab al-Din Ahmed bin Abdul Wahab Al-Nawiri D.
Nhaiahalarb fi fnounaladb, Najeeb Mustafa and other. Revs. a (Dar AlkutubAlelmyia, Beirut, 2007)
Second : Modern References
- Said Abdel Fattah Ashour
Egyptian society in the era of the Mamluk sultans (Dar Alnahdha, Cairo, 1992)
- Ali Ibrahim Hassan
Egypt on Medieval ages from the Islamic Conquest to the Ottoman Conquest, 4th ed. (Egyptian Renaissance Library, Cairo, 1954)
Studies in the history of the Mamluks in the era of Nasser Muhammad in particular, 2nd ed., No Date, Cairo: 1989 A.D.)
History of the Maritime Mamluks, 3rd ed. (MaktabatAlnahdhaAlmasryia, Cairo 1997)
- Fatima Mohammed Amer
The History of the Dhimma people in Islamic Egypt from the Arab conquest to the end of the Fatimid period (No Ref. , no date)
- QasimAbdoQassim
Historical Papers (Ain for Human and Social Studies and Research, Giza: 2001A.D ).
The Era of the Mamluk Sultans Political and Social History (Ain for Human and Social Studies and Research, Cairo: 2007
- Fliter Hintz
Islamic units and measurement and its equivalent in metric system, Translation, Kamelalalsaly, 2nd ed. No. Date, Amman: 2001 A.d)
- Muir W. The Mameluke; Or, Slave Dynasty of Egypt, 1260-1517, AD. Smith, Elder; 1896.