The Dutch-English commercial competition in the Persian Gulf region 1623-1654 AD
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Arab Gulf region witnessed a great commercial competition between the Dutch and the English to gain a foothold in the Gulf region to control the shipping and trade routes together, as the year 1623 witnessed the beginning of the Dutch obtaining a trade center for them in the Gulf region, thus opening the door to economic competition between the two countries. The Dutch-English competition reached a great stage, as the Dutch were superior to the English, and they used several illegal means to obtain the privileges, including: gifts, bribes, threats and intimidation, and consequently the English suffered a lot in the Arab Gulf region, so their agencies deteriorated and their trade stagnated as a result of the Dutch control over trade in The region, as the Dutch crowded the English in all the commercial areas in the Arab Gulf region, and the competition between them did not end until the outbreak of the war in 1652 AD, and the reconciliation between them was concluded in 1654, so it can be said that the Dutch control over the Gulf region was a complete and clear control, and affected the trade of the English Significantly .
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Documentary books:
- Tariq Nafi Al-Hamdani and others, Studies in the History of the Modern Arab Gulf, Al-Furat for Publishing and Distribution, Beirut, 2008.
- Messages and dissertations.
-Abd al-Hamid al-Arqat, The Status of the Safavid State and his External Relations during the Reign of Shah Abbas I 996 - 1083 AH / 1588 - 1629 AD, Unpublished Master Thesis, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hamma Lakhdar University - El-Wadi, Algeria, 2015.
-Abd Al-Razzaq Al-Maani, Trade and Navigation in the Arabian Gulf during the Seventeenth Century, unpublished PhD thesis, College of Graduate Studies, University of Jordan, 1999.
-Ismail Muhammad Hasan al-Jibouri, British policy towards Oman 1856-1891, an unpublished master's thesis submitted to the College of Education, University of Mosul, 2003.
- Mahmoud Abdul Wahid Al-Qaisi, the commercial and political activity of the English East India Company in India 1600-1668, an unpublished master's thesis, College of Arts, University of Baghdad.
- Naseer Ahmad Noor Ahmad, The East India Company - English from its founding until the fall of the Islamic Mughal State (1009-1273 AH - 1600-1857 AD), unpublished doctoral thesis, College of Sharia and Islamic Studies, Umm Al-Qura University, 1991.
Foreign letters and theses:
-Kimberly Ronda Todt , conntries with borders - Markest with opportunities : Dutch trading Networks in early north AMERICA, 1624-1750 , In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy , Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University ,2012.
-Mubarak Al-Otabi , The Qawasim and British Control of the Arabian Gulf , Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy , University of Salford International Studies Unit , 1989.
Arabic and Arabic books:
-Abd al-Amir Muhammad Amin, British Interests in the Arabian Gulf Region 1747-1778, translated by Hashem Kata Lazim, reviewed by Makki Habib Al-Moamen, Al-Irshad Press, Baghdad. 1977
-Abdul Aziz Abdul-Ghani Ibrahim, Government of British India and the Administration in the Persian Gulf Documentary Study, Dar Al-Merrekh, Riyadh, 1981.
-Ali Abdullah Faris, The British East India Company and its role in the history of the Arabian Gulf 1600-1858 AD, Emirates Studies and Documentation Center, United Arab Emirates, 2001.
-A. b. Slot, Gulf Arabs in Light of the Sources of the Dutch East India Company 1602-1784, translated by Aida Khoury, Revision by Muhammad Morsi Abdullah, 1993.
- A.G. Lorimer, Guide to the Gulf. Historical Section, C1, Qatar.
-Jalal Yahya, Modern and Contemporary European History, European Domination of the World, Part 4, Modern University Office, Alexandria.
-Gamal Zakaria Qassem, Modern and Contemporary Arab History of the Gulf, Volume One, Arab Thought House, Egypt, 1997.
-Hussein Obaid Ghanem Ghobash, Islamic Democratic Oman, Imamate traditions and political history 1500-1970, translated by Antoine Homsi, Amman.
-Khalid Nasser Al-Wasmi, Oman bin Al-Istiqlal and the Occupation, a study in modern Omani history and its regional and international relations, Arab Sail Foundation, Kuwait, 1993.
-Rashid Tawfiq Abu Zaid, History of the Gulf from Islamic Times until the Late Nineteenth Century, Dubai Press, United Arab Emirates, 1998.
-Raafat Ghanimi Al-Sheikh and others, The Ottoman Empire’s Strategy in the Arab Gulf Region 1869-1914 AD in the Framework of the Ottoman-British Competition in the Arab Gulf Region, Civilization Center, Cairo, 2014.
-Stephen Hemsley Lunkrick, Four Centuries of Modern Iraq History, translated by Jaafar Khayat, 4th Edition, Baghdad, 1968.
-Salim Taha Al-Tikriti, The Conflict over the Arab Gulf, Ministry of Guidance and Culture, Baghdad, 1969.
-Samah Rajab Abdul Samad Muhammad, International Rivalry in the Arab Gulf Region in the Nineteenth Century, Dar Al Kutub and Arab Studies, Alexandria, 2016.
-Salih Muhammad Al-Abed, Britain's position on French activity in the Arabian Gulf 1798-1810, Al-Ani Press, Baghdad, 1979.
-Salah Al-Akkad, Political Currents in the Arab Gulf Region, The Anglo-Egyptian Library, Cairo, 1983.
- Fawaz Matar Nassif Al-Dulaimi, The British - Russian Rivalry in the Arab Gulf Region 1798-1907, Adnan House and Library, Baghdad, 2017.
- Qadri Qalaji, The Arabian Gulf, the Sea of Legends, The Publications Company for Distribution and Publishing, Beirut, 1992.
-Lieutenant Colonel Sir Arnold T. Wilson, History of the Persian Gulf, Presentation of the Right Autorabual. Ie. S. Amiri, translated by Muhammad Amin Abdullah, 4th Edition, Sultanate of Oman, 2016.
-Muhammad Ahmad Abdullah and Bashir Zain al-Abidin, The Modern History of Bahrain 1500-2002, Center for Historical Studies, University of Bahrain, 2009.
- Muhammad Adnan Murad, The power struggle in the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Gulf and its historical roots and dimensions, a famous review by Shaker Al-Faham Murad, presented by, Damascus House, Damascus, 1983.
-Muhammad Hassan Al-Aidarous, The Modern and Contemporary History of the Arab Gulf, Ayn for Humanitarian and Social Studies and Research, Kuwait, 1998.
-Muhammad Hamza Husayn al-Dulaimi and Lubna Riyad Abd al-Majid al-Rifai, History of Europe in the Renaissance, Tamuzah, Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Damascus, 2015
-Muhammad Ali Al-Zarqa, Oman, Old and New, Amman, Muhammad Adnan Murad.
-Muhammad Mabrouk Nafeh, History of Europe in the Nineteenth Century Pages from the History of Conflict between Peoples and Governments, 2nd Edition, Egypt, 1929.
-Muhammad Nasr Muhanna, The Arab Gulf, Modern and Contemporary Development, University Youth Foundation, Cairo, 1996.
-Mohamed Nasr Muhanna, A study in the history of international and regional relations, Modern University Office, Alexandria.
-Mustafa Aqeel Al-Khatib, International Rivalry in the Arabian Gulf 1622-1763, Modern Library for Printing and Publishing, Beirut.
- Natalia Nikolaevina Tomanovich, European Countries in the Arab Gulf from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century, translated by Samir Najmuddin Sattas, Juma Al Majid Center for Culture and Heritage, Dubai, 2006.
-Nagham Talib Abdullah Al-Nuaimi, Foreign Relations of the Ya'ariba State in Amman 1624-1747, Adnan House and Library, Baghdad, 2016.
-Haifa Abdul Aziz al-Rubaie, invaders in the Gulf. The Dutch Invasion of the Persian Gulf and the Arab Resistance, Mosul University Press, Mosul, 1989.
-Yaqzan Saadoun Al Amer, The East India Company, Basra University Press, Basra, 1990.
Foreign books:
- A .A Amin, Britsh Interest in the p. Gulf , Leiden ,1967.
- Adam Clulow and Tristan Mostert, The Dutch and English East India - - Companies Diplomacy, Trade and Violence in Early Modern Asia, Amsterdam University Press .
- Charlos Belgrave , The Pirate Coast , London ,Oxford Universty Press.
- H. Nahavandi, Y Bomati, Shah Abbas, empereur de Perse 1587-1629, ed Perrin, Paris, 1998.
- J.A. Saldanha , précis of Turkish – Arabi Affairs 1801 – 1905 , Calcutta Government of India foreign department , 1906.
- J.C.Hurewitz , Diplomacy in the near and middle east A documentary record 1535-1914, pubished by D Van nostrand company , New York ,1956.
- John Marowe , The Gulf in the Twentieth Century , London , 1962.
- Willem Floor, A Political and economic history of five port cities 1500-1730, mage publishers , United States , 2006.
Research and studies:
-Abd Al-Raouf Snow, Britain's Agreements and Treaties with the Arab Gulf Emirate (1798-1916) Chapters of Hegemony and Fragmentation, Journal of Arab and World History, Beirut, 1998.
-Essam Khalil Muhammad Ibrahim al-Salhi, British policy in the Arabian Gulf, goals and results 1843-1600, Medad Al-Adab Magazine, Issue 4, 2012.
-Omar Muhammad Jaafar al-Qarala and Ahmad Muhammad al-Tarawneh, The British - Ottoman competition over Bahrain in the second half of the nineteenth century AD, Studies for Human and Social Sciences, Volume 46, Issue 1, Appendix 1, 2019.
- Moderator Saber Rajab and Raed Sami Al Douri, The Omani Resistance to the Portuguese Occupation of the Arab Gulf, Tikrit University Journal of Human Sciences, Issue 27, 2020.
-Manal Al-Merayeb, The European Rivalry over the Arab Gulf Region at the Beginning of Modern Times, Historical Journal, Issue Eight, Third Year, June 2010.
-Nabil Abdul-Jawad Sarhan, The Development of British-Omani Relations from the Late 18th Century AD to the Late 19th Century AD, Journal of Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Studies, Issue 132, Kuwait.
- Nawal Hamza Yusef Al-Sayrafi, Portuguese influence in the Arabian Gulf in the tenth century AH / sixteenth century AD, King Abdul Aziz House, Riyadh, 1982.
Encyclopedias ;
-Mahmoud Ali Shaker, Encyclopedia of the History of the Arab Gulf, C1, 5th Edition, Osama House for Publishing and Distribution, Oman, 2011.
Louis Maalouf, Upholstered in the Media, Dar Al-Elm Publishing Corporation, Iran