The Judicial System and Courts in the Emirate of Mosul (521-660 AH / 1227-1261 AD)
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Abstract
The judiciary is one of the most important Islamic systems that have developed with the development of Islamic ages in taking its dimensions with the development of the political system in Islam. His Messenger Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), then the judiciary became after the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him) in preparing the jobs under the caliphate, and the caliph or whoever represented him became exercising the function of the judiciary, when Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was appointed as successor, Omar said to him Ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him): (I suffice for the judiciaryAnd the matter continued in the Umayyad and Abbasid eras, when the Abbasid caliphs’ interest in the judiciary was a clear feature in their policy to complicate social and economic life. Diwans appeared like other institutions as a result of the Muslims’ need for military, administrative and financial organization. The research focused on studying the issue of the judicial system and the bureaucracy in the Emirate of Mosul-
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