Faˁlūn and Faiˁūl in Semitic Languages A comparative morphological semantic study
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Faˁlūn and Faiˁūl are two structures of Arab speech that have received the attention of Arab linguists and orientalists alike in addition of being one of the common structures in Semitic languages. (Faˁlūn) indicates the diminutive in the Semitic languages in Semitic for example: (Barūnā) meaning (son). It was mentioned a lot in the names of the figures in the first Islamic centuries, such as: Ḥarthūn, Ḥafsūn, Ibn Ḫaldūn, specifically among the Arabs of Andalusia. Ibn Jarir al-Tabari mentioned (d. 310 AH) in his interpretation that (Šamˁūn) - which is a Hebrew name - as if it is based on the weight of (Faˁlūn), and Abu Al-Ala Al-Maari stated that it is not Arabic at all, which prompted Arabic scholars to trace the missing items from Sibawayh’s book and to correct it, and from them they did, and they mentioned examples such as: Zaitūn and Maisūn. However, the linguistic and historical extrapolation of these words supports that the meanings of Zaitūn, Maisūn, Jaiḥūn and Jairūn - and other names - are not the weight of a verb, but rather the weight of a faiˁūl; Because a verb was not known in the speech of the ancient Arabs, or they seldom built a name on a verb, or it is strange in the Arabic system, not to mention that it is a construction that did not settle in the speech of the Arabs. The names of the flags, and that some of the Arab tribes of Hejaz and Najd - at the present time - in the Arabian Peninsula still speak with weight and depend in their language such as: Saidūr, Ḥaimūl, Al-ˁaitūm, and Al-ˁairūn, and thus the meaning of (Faiˁūl) varied in exaggeration, diminutive, adjective and plural in the Arabic language.
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