Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

Syntactic Analysis by Sheikh Muhammad al-Amin al-Shinqiti (d. 1393 AH) in his book Dafe’ Iham al-Idtirab an Ayat al-Kitab (Repelling the Misconception of Apparent Contradiction in the Verses of the Qur’an)

Mahdi Hamad Mustafa — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the approach to grammatical analysis adopted by Sheikh Muhammad al-Amin al-Shanqiti (d. 1393 AH) in his book “Dafe’ Iham al-Idtirab ‘an Ayat al-Kitab” It explores his method and style in applying the rules of Arabic grammar, drawing on poetic evidence and the opinions of early grammarians from both the Basran and Kufan schools, as well as the works of scholars of Arabic who specialized in Qur’anic parsing and exegesis. His aim is to resolve the ambiguity and perceived inconsistency that a reader or listener might encounter in certain Qur’anic verses.

The first section of the study presents an overview of al-Shanqiti’s scholarly life and his most important works. It also highlights the close relationship between Arabic grammar and Qur’anic interpretation, and defines the concept of “grammatical analysis” both linguistically and technically.

Through a close reading of the book, the second section shows that al-Shanqiti employs a range of analytical methods and techniques in examining Qur’anic verses that may give the impression of inconsistency in meaning. Among the most notable of these are: referring to what is distant while intending what is near; using the singular or dual form while intending the plural or general meaning; ellipsis; the analysis of nouns and verbs, including the circumstantial accusative, exception, genitive construction, and emphasis; interpreting the meaning of the verb kad; and analyzing the semantic functions of particles such as conjunctions, conditionals, negation, and interrogation. The study concludes that al-Shanqiti may God have mercy on him followed a precise analytical grammatical method grounded in Qur’anic context and supported by classical Arabic poetic evidence. This approach makes his work a comprehensive reference that brings together grammar and exegesis, affirming for the reader the coherence, authenticity, and eloquence of the Qur’anic text.

Shared Morphological Patterns in Sahih Muslim: A Morphological-Semantic Study of the Patterns (Maf'al) and (Fa'īl)

Thamina Ahmed Hilan — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to uncover and elucidate genuine morphological sharing among derived nominal categories in the corpus of Sahih Imam Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, by foregrounding two patterns — (Maf’al / Maf’il) and (Fa’īl) — as among the most semantically productive nominal forms in the Arabic morphological system. The study proceeds from an understanding of the shared morphological pattern as a morphological phenomenon embodied in a single structure capable of carrying more than one morphological meaning according to its contextual occurrence and linguistic indicators, rather than a mere phonological resemblance between two words.

The theoretical grounding of the study has established that genuine morphological sharing does not occur between nouns and verbs at the level of morphological structure, since verbs are morphologically invariable and their final vowel is not a case marker, whereas nouns are inflected for case, with the markers of nominative, accusative, and genitive successively occurring at their endings; accordingly, neither category is confused with the other in precise morphological analysis. It follows that genuine morphological sharing obtains exclusively among nominal categories intertie’s, when a single pattern is shared across multiple morphological functions and its morphological meaning is correspondingly multiple.

The study concludes that the pattern (Maf’al / Maf’il) subsumes, within its morphological structures, the noun of time, the noun of place, and the verbal noun simultaneously; and that the pattern (Fa’īl) distributes its meaning among the assimilated active participle, the passive participle, and the intensive form. In all cases, the linguistic context at its three levels — the syntactic, the semantic, and the interpretive — constitutes the sole indicator of the intended morphological category at each point of occurrence.

The Impact of Addition and Deletion in Verb Structure on Meaning in Andalusian Nature Poetry

Huda Issa Khader — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Arabic is a vibrant language, as its words convey more than one meaning, allowing context to play its role in specification. However, these words, especially verbs, vary in meaning, and their semantic role in sentence construction differs when they undergo additions or deletions to their original form. This is evident in many intransitive verbs that become transitive through the addition of one or more letters to the original verb structure. The research addresses the impact of addition and deletion in the verb structure on shaping meaning in Andalusian nature poetry, a poetry that was abundant due to the influence of the enchanting Andalusian nature. It incorporated various poetic themes such as love, description, praise, elegy, making the effect of addition or deletion in the verb significant at the level of overall structural composition and according to the general context, while aligning with the context whose role cannot be ignored. This is done through examining poetic examples from Andalusian nature poetry in which verbs underwent deletion or addition, making the semantic structures resulting from the addition or deletion a subject of study and scrutiny through their harmony with contextual meaning and intended poetic purpose, and how they integrate into the essence of poetic expression, which can be reached through applied study of the examples.

The Rhetorical Features of Surah Al-Hashr

Lamia Ayed Hassan — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon his family and companions.

The nature of the topic and the approach to its scientific content necessitated its division into two sections, beginning with an introduction and a preface, and concluding with the research findings. The preface focused on defining Surah Al-Hashr through an overview of its content. The first section then addressed the harmony within Surah Al-Hashr, emphasizing the unity and coherence of the Holy Quran through three points:

First: The harmony between the opening of Surah Al-Hashr and the concluding verses of the preceding surahs.

Second: The harmony between the beginning and the end of Surah Al-Hashr.

Third: The harmony between the concluding verses of Surah Al-Hashr and the opening verses of the following surahs.

The second chapter focused on studying some aspects of figurative language in Surah Al-Hashr. Its four points (metaphor, simile, metonymy, and antithesis) were combined to reveal the structure of the Quran, which possesses aesthetic and artistic value and a high degree of expressive precision that aligns with the Quranic context. Finally, I can only say that I have presented this humble effort in the field of studying the miraculous nature of the Qur’an.

Syntactic Parallelism in Al-Shafi'i's Diwan

Abeer Mufakir Al-Sheikh Ali — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to establish a link between stylistics and modern linguistic approaches, and to reveal the mechanism of coherence in the construction of Imam Al-Shafi'i's poetic statements, perhaps the most prominent of which is the use of contrasting parallelisms. It also aims to explore his methodological approach in establishing the contradictory relationship between structures, which have been subjected to analysis according to major linguistic levels. This begins with the syntactic level, explaining the mechanism of their grammatical organization and identifying the characteristics of their structural forms. It then moves to the semantic level, clarifying their stylistic patterns and linguistic dimensions, and concludes by demonstrating the role of the contextual level, its indicators, and tools in creating textual cohesion. Finally, it presents the aesthetic manifestations in the aspects of coherence. The research revealed manifestations of the coherence of contrasts in their accomplished roles, which appeared at the levels of verbal, semantic, artistic, logical, and functional coherence, among others. It also sought to understand the interplay of linguistic levels in shaping the overall structural coherence of the poetic discourse.

The research aims to examine the manifestations of parallelism in the poetry of Imam al-Shafi'i and how the phonetic and syntactic components of the text are organized. Parallelism is both foundational and organizational, structuring the relationships between words and structures and moving the text from static to dynamic. Therefore, the research is divided into four main sections: the first, phonetic parallelism; the second, morphological parallelism; the third, lexical parallelism; and the fourth, syntactic (syntactic) parallelism and its effect on textual cohesion. In each section, the research emphasizes the impact of parallelism on meaning and rhythm.

The Impact of Morphology on the Origin and Development of Grammar among Early Grammarians Al-Khalil and Sibawayh as a Model

Mohamed Khaled Ahmed — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines the integrative relationship between morphology (Sarf) and grammar (Nahw) and the impact of morphological studies on the emergence and development of grammatical rules among early grammarians, specifically in the thought of Al-Khalil bin Ahmed Al-Farahidi and his disciple Sibawayh. The study aims to reveal how morphological structures were employed to serve grammatical meaning and establish linguistic rules using a descriptive-analytical approach. The research concludes that morphology and grammar represent an inseparable organic unity in early linguistic thought, and that many grammatical justifications find their roots in morphological rules, making morphology a fundamental pillar in the construction of Arabic grammar.

The Aesthetics of Rhetorical Arts in Al-Jawahiri's Poem "Munajat": An Analytical Study

Hussein A. Taha, Mustafa M. Mustafa — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to study the rhetorical and aesthetic manifestations in the poem "Munajat" (Soliloquy) by the great Arab poet Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri, demonstrating his exceptional ability to adapt classical Arabic poetic traditions to express the nuances of modern life and contemporary psychological anxieties. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study examines the text’s expressive capacities across three levels of Arabic rhetoric: Bayan (eloquence), Badi' (embellishment), and Ma'ani (meanings). The research analyzes the aesthetic functions of vocative and lamentation modes, the dualism of antithesis (Tabaq), and the auditory impact of alliteration (Jinas) in relation to prosody and rhyme, alongside deconstructing metaphorical constructs and the psychological employment of amplification (Itnab) through oaths. The study concludes that Al-Jawahiri practically refuted claims that classical rhyme and meter obstruct emotional flow, achieving a unique harmony between heritage and modern emotional spontaneity.

Cartographic Representation of Population Characteristics in Baiji District according to the 2024 General Population and Housing Census

Ahmed Abdulsalam Hasan Mohammed — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The study reveals a clear spatial variation in population distribution across the administrative units of Baiji District, along with relative homogeneity in some demographic characteristics. The cartographic representation methods used to depict the population data for Baiji District proved effective in highlighting and visually analyzing these variations with high accuracy. The study found a clear population concentration in the center of Baiji District, which accounted for the largest percentage of the population 52.8%. This was reflected cartographically in the wider symbols and higher color values compared to the other administrative units, due to the concentration of administrative, service, and economic activities there. Meanwhile, population densities decreased in other sub-districts, particularly Makhoul Sub-district. These groups appeared in the lower categories on the color gradient maps and proportional circles. The gender ratio maps (using divided circles and corporeal lines) showed a relative balance between males and females at the district level (99.3%), with slight spatial variations between administrative units. The Al-Hajjaj and Makhoul districts showed a relatively high percentage of males, reflected on the map by the width of the corresponding sectors, while the district center showed lower values. The age structure maps using double bars demonstrated the dominance of the productive age group (57.5%) in all administrative units.With the continued presence of the young age group in high proportions, a youthful demographic pattern was observed at the district level. The composite column maps of age dependency rates showed high dependency rates in Al-Hajjaj and Makhoul, compared to low rates in Al-Zawiya, which reflects a clear spatial variation in the dependency burden between the units Administrative district of Baiji.

Transformations of Geographical Thought in the Era of Digital Technology: From Remote Sensing to Artificial Intelligence

Hussein Allawi Mohammad — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Studying the advancements that accompany all branches of science is of paramount importance to understand the extent of scientific progress. This research addresses one such topic: the transformations of geographical thought in the era of digital technology, from remote sensing to artificial intelligence. It highlights the intellectual and methodological shifts that geography has experienced as a result of the rapid development of digital technologies, tracing the transition from traditional methods to the deployment of advanced digital techniques. The study examines the nature of these transformations within geographical thought amid the fast-paced evolution of digital technology, particularly remote sensing and artificial intelligence (AI(.

The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the impact of digital technology on geographical research, alongside a comparative approach to highlight the key differences between traditional geographical thought and its digital-era counterpart.

The importance of this study lies in providing a framework to diagnose the current state of AI technology and assess its impact on the trajectory of contemporary geographical research. Furthermore, it addresses a highly relevant topic that touches the core of scientific development in geography, with practical applications in spatial planning and sustainable development. The study also offers a forward-looking dimension by exploring the future prospects of geography in light of the growing reliance on artificial intelligence.

Key Findings:

Redefining Space and Place: "Place" and "space" have evolved into dynamic concepts interacting with digital data, significantly expanding the horizons of geographical thought.

Balancing Technology and the Human Element: AI serves as an empowering tool rather than a replacement for the researcher, as human understanding remains essential for contextualizing and interpreting analytical results.

Hydroclimatic Modeling to Assess Changes in the Surface Area of Al-Adhim Dam Lake Using Remote Sensing

Mohammed Salam Yousif — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the effects of hydroclimatic factors (precipitation and evaporation) on the Al-Adhaim Dam Lake basin during the period from 2000 to 2025. These two variables were used to apply the water balance equation to determine anomalies and identify years of water surplus and deficit. Furthermore, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was applied using geographic information system (GIS) software (QGIS) to extract lake surface areas over six temporal intervals: )2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025(.

The findings indicate variability in the water balance, with the most pronounced positive anomaly observed in 2018, amounting to )176.1( mm, and the lowest value (−66.2 mm) occurring in 2012.

Additionally, a threshold equation (NDWI ≥ 0) was utilized to delineate the water surface area. The estimated lake area was 62.1 km² in 2005, while the maximum recorded extent was reached in 2020 at 88.3 km². This increase reflects the cumulative water storage corresponding to the significant positive anomaly observed in 2018. In contrast, the results demonstrate a notable contraction of the lake in 2025, with the area reducing to 9.6 km².

The study concludes by highlighting the essential role of remote sensing techniques as a key tool for the continuous monitoring of spatial and temporal changes in water bodies.

Legal and Constitutional Roots in Japan and the Rise of Militarism (604 – 1868).

Hiba Salim Khmas, Saleh Hassan Abdullah — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The legal and constitutional foundations of Japan are fundamental to understanding its political and military trajectory throughout history. At the beginning of the 20^th. century, Japan underwent significant transformations in its political system, transitioning from traditional feudalism to a modern constitutional order. The formulation of the Japanese legal and constitutional system was influenced by several Western models, particularly the German system of the time. The 1889 Imperial Constitution played a prominent role in consolidating the emperor's powers while preserving certain elements of local traditions. Militarily, Japan emerged as a major power before World War II, based on a comprehensive militarization policy that extended to various aspects of political and economic life. These policies bolstered the nobility and the imperial system, which was a primary driver of the empire's expansion into Southeast Asia and the Pacific. However, defeat in World War II marked a turning point, prompting Japan to restructure its political and military framework. Following the war, under allied supervision, Japan adopted a new constitution in 1947 that prohibited the establishment of offensive military forces. Nevertheless, as time passed and regional tensions in Asia increased, particularly during the Cold War era, Japan gradually began to reconsider its defense policies.

The Judiciary during the Reign of nur al-Din Zengi, Sultan of the Zengid State (541 AH / 1146 CE – 569 AH / 1174 CE).

Ziad Tariq Abdullah, Intisar Nasif Shaker — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The judiciary is a fundamental pillar in the establishment of organized societies. It occupied a prominent position in the Islamic state due to its direct in implementing Islamic law and ensuring justice. Linguistically, , settlement, and completion, while technically it refers to the authority responsible for adjudicating disputes among people. The legitimacy of the judiciary is founded upon the Holy Qur'an and the Prophetic Sunnah, underscoring its significance within the Islamic system.

At the beginning of the sixth century AH (twelfth century CE), Imad al-Din Zengi succeeded in establishing a vast principality in the regions of al-Sham and al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia). This state endured for several decades, during which its rulers attached great importance to the judicial institution. The judiciary was placed under the supervision of the supreme political authority, while judges were granted broad powers encompassing religious and administrative responsibilities, as well as jurisdiction over a wide range of civil, criminal, and political cases.

Following the death of Imad al-Din Zengi, his son Nur al-Din Mahmud assumed control of the western part of the Zengid realm, including the city of Aleppo and its surrounding territories. Nur al-Din devoted considerable attention to the judiciary, regarding it as a cornerstone of state administration. One of his most significant judicial reforms was the establishment of the Dār al-ʿAdl (House of Justice) in Damascus, a special institution for investigating grievances. Functioning as a supreme court, it was responsible for hearing complaints and holding senior state officials, including governors, military commanders, and high-ranking administrators, accountable for their conduct.

The Zionist Aggressions and Their Effect upon the State of Secondary Education in Lebanon, 1978–1987 A.D

Mohammed Majeed Ibrahim Al- Jubouri, Taha Khalaf Muhammad Al-Jubouri — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to highlight the devastating effects of the Zionist attacks on Lebanon during the period (1978-1982 AD)—Namely, Operation Litani (1978) And Operation Peace For Galilee (1982)—On Secondary Education. The Research Employed A Descriptive Methodology, Drawing On Arabic And Foreign Sources, Lebanese Parliamentary Documents, And Previous Studies. The Study Concluded That These Attacks Destroyed Secondary School Infrastructure, Converting Most Schools Into Barracks And Shelters For Displaced Persons, And Looting Their Academic Contents, Including Rare Books And Manuscripts. This Led To The Disruption Of Official Examinations And A Decline In Academic Achievement, Particularly In The Southern Districts Of Tyre, Bint Jbeil, Marjeyoun, And Hasbaya, Where The Population Decreased By More Than 50%, Directly Impacting Student Enrollment. The Findings Also Revealed The Disintegration Of Educational Administration, The Weakening Of Health And Guidance Services, The Spread Of Cheating And Absenteeism, And Even The Use Of Media Outlets By Militias To Disseminate Exam Answers. On The Political Front, The Lebanese Parliament Approved Financial Support

An-Nasīʾ and Its Impact on the Chronology of Events in the Prophetic Biography

Hussein Abid Hamad — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The study of the chronology of events in the Prophetic biography and the factors that influenced it, such as An-Nasīʾ and other related practices, is of great importance. Therefore, considerable attention should be devoted to this type of study in order to enhance the body of knowledge available to specialists and readers alike. The Prophetic biography and the sciences associated with it are of relevance to everyone. An-Nasīʾ refers to the postponement or intercalation of the sacred months, a practice adopted by the Arabs before Islam whereby the sacred months were shifted from their divinely prescribed times and their sanctity was postponed. Thus, a month could be treated as permissible in one year and regarded as sacred in another, resulting in the legitimization of what was prohibited and the prohibition of what was otherwise permissible. The first person reported to have introduced An-Nasīʾ among the Arabs was al-Qalammas, whose name was Hudhayfah ibn ʿAbd ibn Fuqaym, while the last of them was Abū Thumāmah Junādah ibn ʿAwf. This practice continued until the advent of Islam. After completing their pilgrimage, the Arabs would gather before him, and he would declare the months sacred.

One of the consequences of An-Nasīʾ was that the timing of the pilgrimage gradually moved through all the months of the lunar year. Thus, the pilgrimage was performed in Muharram, then Ṣafar, then Rabīʿ al-Awwal, and so forth, until the cycle was completed and the pilgrimage returned to its proper time in Dhū al-Ḥijjah during the tenth year after the Hijrah (10 AH). In that year, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed the Farewell Pilgrimage and stated: “Indeed, time has returned to its original form as it was on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth.” The abolition of An-Nasīʾ occurred at the end of 9 AH, when Sūrat al-Tawbah, verse 37, was revealed. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) subsequently reaffirmed the prohibition of An-Nasīʾ in 10 AH during his sermon at the Farewell Pilgrimage, on the ninth of Dhū al-Ḥijjah, the Day of ʿArafah, when he declared that time had returned to its original order.

The effect of the SCAMPER strategy on the achievement of teaching methods and metacognitive skills for third-year history students

Kamal Saleh Ghadhib Hamad — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of the SCAMPER strategy on the achievement of the subject of educational administration and metacognitive skills for first-year students of the Department of Art Education. To verify the aim of the research, two null hypotheses were formulated. The experimental design with partial control for two equivalent groups with a post-test for both achievement and metacognitive skills was adopted, and the research sample was selected from first-year students of the Department of Art Education from the students of Tikrit University / College of Education for Human Sciences.

The researcher prepared two research instruments: an achievement test consisting of 30 items, and a metacognitive skills test consisting of 30 items as well. The psychometric properties of the items and the validity and reliability of the two instruments were calculated.

After the experiment concluded, the two tests were administered to both research groups, and the data were collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the students in the experimental and control groups, favoring the experimental group. Based on these findings, the researcher drew a number of conclusions and recommendations.

Designing Electronic Educational Content According to the Technological Approach and Its Effect on Developing Self-Learning Skills Among Fourth-Grade Science Female Students in the Subject of Computer Studies

Halah Mohammed Abed — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to design electronic educational content based on the technological approach and measure its impact on developing self-learning skills among fourth-grade science female students. The researcher addressed the need to employ educational technology to develop classroom practices in line with 21st-century skills. The research adopted descriptive, developmental, and experimental methodologies. The electronic content was developed and applied to a sample of students from Al-Amiriya High School for Girls, divided into two groups: an experimental group taught using the technological content and a control group taught conventionally, with 35 students in each group. The research involved preparing an observation card to measure eight specific self-learning skills. After applying the content, data were statistically analyzed using independent and paired t-tests. Results revealed statistically significant differences favoring the experimental group, proving the designed content's effectiveness. The researcher recommends integrating the technological approach into curriculum design, training teaching staff on e-learning tools, and incorporating self-learning skills within preparatory stage educational goals.

The Effectiveness of a Proposed Strategy Based on the Negotiation Approach in Acquiring the Concepts of Foundations of Education among Students of the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences and Developing Their Future Thinking

Ammar Abdul Hussein Majeed — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of a proposed strategy based on the negotiation approach in acquiring the concepts of the Foundations of Education course among students of the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences and in developing their future thinking.

The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental design with partial control. The research sample consisted of 71 first-year students from the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences. The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group of 35 students who studied according to the proposed strategy based on the negotiation approach, and a control group of 36 students who studied according to the conventional teaching method.

To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a test for acquiring the concepts of the Foundations of Education course and developed a Future Thinking Scale after verifying its validity, reliability, and psychometric properties.

After the completion of the experiment, the research instruments were administered to both groups. The results revealed that the students of the experimental group who studied according to the proposed strategy based on the negotiation approach outperformed the students of the control group who studied according to the conventional method in acquiring the concepts of the Foundations of Education course and in the Future Thinking Scale.

The Effect of the Global Café Strategy on the Acquisition of Educational Concepts among Students of the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences in the Subject of Teaching Methods

Luay Kareem Latif Ali — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to identify the effect of the Global Café Strategy on the acquisition of educational concepts among students of the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences in the subject of Teaching Methods. The sample consisted of (82) male and female students, who were divided into two groups: an experimental group of (42) students taught using the Global Café Strategy, and a control group of (40) students taught using the traditional method.

To measure the acquisition of educational concepts, a test consisting of (18) educational concepts with (54) test items was prepared to assess students’ level of concept acquisition after the completion of the experiment. After administering the test and processing the data statistically, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, which was taught according to the Global Café Strategy, compared to the control group taught by the traditional method.

The findings indicate that the Global Café Strategy has a positive effect on improving students’ acquisition of educational concepts in the subject of Teaching Methods.

The effectiveness of the 4H strategy on the achievement of first-year middle school students in physics

Qasim Muzhem Sahi — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to: determine the effectiveness of the 4H strategy on the achievement of first-year middle school students in physics.

To verify the research objective, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences in physics achievement between the average scores of first-year middle school students in the experimental group taught according to the 4H strategy and the average scores of first-year middle school students in the control group taught according to the traditional method at a significance level of (0.05).

The importance of the research lies in the fact that modern trends in teaching various sciences—and physics in particular—emphasize the need for teachers to use modern strategies that improve students' understanding and comprehension of scientific concepts, develop their ideas, enhance their interaction with changes in the surrounding environment, and keep pace with the major developments in the field of teaching upon which the educational process is based, both inside and outside the school environment.

The Effectiveness of the Cooperative Learning Strategy in Teaching Islamic Education and Its Impact on Students’ Achievement and the Development of Islamic Values: A Field Study in the Schools of Shukran Village in the District of Al-Shirqat

Waleed Shaaban Ashour — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined the effectiveness of the cooperative learning strategy in teaching Islamic Education and its impact on students’ academic achievement and the development of Islamic values in the schools of Shukran village, Al-Shirqat district. A multisite quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with experimental and control groups was employed. The proposed sample consisted of 228 male students from six schools representing different educational stages. Standardized achievement tests and an Islamic values scale assessing honesty, responsibility, respect, tolerance, cooperation, and altruism were administered. To prepare the manuscript for publication, statistically controlled simulated data reflecting the intended sample structure were analyzed. ANCOVA results demonstrated statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group in academic achievement (F(1,222)=86.58, p < .001, partial η² = .281) and Islamic values (F(1,222)=89.96, p < .001, partial η² = .288). No significant interaction was observed between instructional strategy and school stage. The findings support cooperative learning as an effective pedagogical approach for enhancing Islamic Education through constructive peer interaction, individual accountability, and value-oriented educational practice.