Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

The Impact of Globalization on Contemporary Arabic Literature

2025-10-17T13:38:53+02:00

The research addressed the impact of globalization on contemporary Arabic literature and its positive and negative effects on the literary structure, creativity and reception methods. The study explains how globalization has affected the spread of Arabic literature and the increased use of digital means in writing and publishing, which has contributed to the decline of some traditional literary forms such as the short story in favor of the novel and digital interactive literature. It also addressed the cultural and political effects of globalization on Arab identity, and how some writers seek to achieve globalization by translating their works into foreign languages.

The research also discusses the emergence of digital literature and the interaction of writers with modern technology, pointing to the challenges of the digital age on the quality of literary language and literary imagination. The research also addresses different positions of Arab writers on globalization, ranging from complete rejection of globalization as a threat to cultural identity, to benefiting from its positive aspects in enhancing the spread of Arabic literature globally.

The research concludes that globalization has affected all areas of literature and Arab society, pointing to the need to confront the challenges it imposes on Arabic literature, especially in light of the rapid cultural and technological changes

Multiplicity of Fear Imagery in Hudhali Poetry: A Descriptive Study

2025-10-17T13:44:12+02:00

The study addresses several key aspects of fear in the poetry of Hudhayl, starting with its linguistic and terminological definitions. The term fear is presented in linguistic dictionaries with various meanings, often intersecting with concepts such as panic, pessimism, and anxiety. Terminologically, fear is defined as a natural state of anxiety stemming from the anticipation of harm. It is considered one of the most significant emotions influencing human behavior, evident in daily life experiences. The research also explores the fear associated with the desert, which entails the dangers of isolation, hunger, and thirst, alongside representations of fear in animals, particularly domestic ones, which fear predatory beasts. Furthermore, it examines fears of invasion and punishment, reflecting the tribes' constant apprehension of sudden raids and acts of vengeance. In conclusion, the study argues that these diverse depictions of fear form an integral part of pre-Islamic Arabic poetry. Although fear is a recurring theme in such poetry, it does not signify cowardice but rather reflects the human instinct to exercise caution and vigilance against the unknown.

Assimilation of Original Case in Dr. Fadhil Al-Samarrai’s The Meanings of Grammar: Selected Models

2025-10-17T13:48:01+02:00

This research deals with the assimilation of the original case in Meanings of Grammar by Dr. Fadel Al-Samarrai. The importance of the study is demonstrated by means of studying the concept of assimilation of the original, which is considered one of the evidences of the grammatical rules that grammarians rely on in reasoning.

Stylistics of the Syntactic Structures of Caution: A Linguistic Approach to Selected Prophetic Hadiths from the Book of Sahih

2025-10-17T13:52:48+02:00

This study reveals the synthetic effect of the sentences expressed by the Prophet (peace be upon him) without other close structures according to different maqams, taking into account the situation of the recipient, and according to the contexts revealed through the study. This research highlights the significance of the composition of caution in the hadith to reveal the semantic and the hiddenness of this art within the text, as well as showing the meaning intended by the speaker's intention with a statement of the structure through which the construction is achieved.

The Correct Statement of the word (rubba) as an Original Preposition which is Related to but not Similar to an Additional Preposition

2025-10-17T13:57:00+02:00

It is well-known among most grammarians, especially the later ones, that (rubba) is an extra preposition or similar to an extra letter that does not relate to anything after it as other prepositions do. Modern scholars have come to embrace this doctrine and record it in their works and teach it to their students as the most likely and absolutely correct. However, investigation proves otherwise, which I will cite with its evidence and proofs in this research.

Monitoring the Reality of the Vegetation Cover of the Undulating Region of Iraq for the Period from 1980 to 2020 Using GIS and RS techniques

2025-10-17T14:01:00+02:00

In the present study, the researcher relied on using the most important indicators which are NDVI, SAVI, BSI and CL. The aim of these indicators is to know the areas of natural vegetation, whether they have declined or expanded over the years, and whether there were natural plants of varying types and areas, and whether natural conditions played a role in this difference in area for the period of 42 years from 1980 - 2022, located coordinates between latitudes (˭21 ˉ30 ˚33) and (˭31 ˉ55 ˚36) north and between longitudes (˭14 ˉ10 ˚40) and (˭51 ˉ58 ˚45) east. The study relied on data from 6 climate stations distributed in the study area, Table (1) and Map (1), in addition to using (GIS) and using satellite images (Landsat) for the spring season and the Ars GIs (10.5) program in monitoring and observing changes in vegetation cover. In light of the above mentioned, several proposals were reached, the most prominent of which is the imbalance between areas and vegetation cover and between climate elements, while the state of weakness in the vegetation cover that the study area suffers from remains.

Spatiotemporal Modeling to Change the Use of Agricultural Land in Al-Sharqat District

2025-10-17T14:09:26+02:00

The study of maps occupies a prominent place in geography and other sciences because it provides broad and accurate capabilities in displaying, analysing, connection, interpretation, and data processing, as it is successful in terms of accuracy and analysis. Cartographic methods have become an effective means of expressing ideas and relationships that occur in space.

Studying the change in agricultural land use and monitoring it using GIS technology and representing it with map models is one of the latest technologies used geographically at the global level. In order to study the changes that occurred in the agricultural land carriers in Sharqat District, one of the districts of Salah al-Din Governorate, the district is located north of the governorate, and the Tigris River passes through it and divides it into two parts. The district includes sixty-three suburbs. In line with the technical development of contemporary geography, the researcher used three satellite images, one of which is the OIL sensor of the American satellite (5) Landsat for the year 2000 for the winter and summer seasons, the other is the OIL sensor of the American satellite (5) Landsat for the year 2010 for the winter and summer seasons, and the other is the OIL sensor of the American satellite (9 Landsat) for the year 2022 for the two seasons winter and summer.

Geographical Distribution of Agricultural Crop Production in Baiji District

2025-10-17T14:16:39+02:00

This study examines the geographical distribution of agricultural crop production in Baiji District, with a focus on cereal crops such as wheat and yellow corn. These crops occupy the first rank in terms of production volume and cultivated area compared to other crops in the region. This prominence is attributed to a combination of natural and human geographic factors that have contributed to the expansion of cereal crop production at the expense of other crops. Cereal crops hold significant economic and nutritional value, making them essential to human daily life from ancient times to the present day. The increasing demand for these crops has driven farmers in Baiji District to expand the cultivated areas and boost productivity.

On the other hand, vegetable crops also hold substantial importance in the study area, ranking third in terms of cultivated area within the agricultural sector. These include both summer and winter vegetable crops, whose cultivation is driven by the growing population in the district and the rising consumption of vegetables. These crops are an integral part of the local agricultural pattern due to their contribution to local food supply and agricultural diversity.

Spatial Variation of the Impact of Land Transport Methods on Population Distribution in Dujail District

2025-10-17T14:23:43+02:00

Roads are one of the main factors that affect the distribution of the population in the study area in terms of the access process, as roads facilitate the movement of individuals and goods, which makes the areas near them more attractive to the population, while areas that lack good roads may witness a decrease in population density. Roads play a role in trade and economy and attracting population, as they contribute to enhancing commercial and economic activities if the roads are of high quality. Also, they contribute to attracting people and goods to the study area. Transportation methods contribute to the development of cities and the spread of the population. The better the roads are the more they contribute to increasing the population density in the study area. In addition, they contribute to social stability, as roads provide opportunities for education and health care, thus encouraging the population to settle in these areas. This contributes to urban expansion over time, as human settlements are established near roads in the Dujail district. Transportation methods play a role in distributing settlements and population growth in the study area.

Soil Proprietaries in Al-Alam and Tikrit Regions

2025-10-17T14:28:51+02:00

The soil properties in Tikrit and Al-Alam districts were studied using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. They are located within the boundaries of Salah al-Din Governorate, and naturally within the undulating area and the alluvial plain, and occupied an area of (2567.45/km2). Astronomically, they are located at longitude 43°7'6.53"E east to longitude 44°6'16.87"E east, and from latitude 34°26'30.06"N north to latitude 35°4'26.94"N north. The study aims to study the soil properties in the study area through soil analysis. To achieve this, soil samples were collected and a chemical and physical analysis of their physical properties was conducted. The color is affected by the type of minerals and organic matter, and the texture depends on the size of the particles (sand, clay, silt). Density expresses the weight relative to the volume, and affects the soil's ability to retain water and the soil's ability to allow water and air to pass through. As for the chemical, the degree of salinity affects the availability of nutrients for plants; acidic or alkaline soils contain essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and cation exchange capacity (CEC): expresses the ability of the soil to retain nutrients and then take those samples and project them onto a map of the study area to produce maps of their spatial distribution.

The British-French Rivalry over the Suez Canal Project (1869–1875)

2025-10-17T18:36:36+02:00

The opening of the Suez Canal on November 17, 1869 AD was an important turning point in the history of the Red Sea region on the one hand, and in the history of the British-French rivalry on the other hand. Since then, Britain sought to increase its influence in that region, citing many pretexts, as it sought to control Egypt. To control the Suez Canal, the northern key to the Red Sea, while it maintained control over Aden and the surrounding area as it was the southern key to this sea. However, Britain was not alone in the field, but there were other powers competing with it, the most important of which was France, which supervised the Suez Canal project. Especially since it had previously sought, since its arrival in Egypt in the late eighteenth century, to cut off the road between Britain and India. It also fought the Suez Canal project to prevent its completion, but after the canal was officially opened for navigation, it changed its attitude and moved to benefit from it. It also made sure that no other country would control it or the management of its company so that this would not affect its interests in the Red Sea. Therefore, it took advantage of the opportunity and bought Egyptian shares from Khedive Ismail in the year 1875 AD. and then won the largest share in its administration, and thus achieved everything they aspired to by monopolizing control over the Red Sea region.

The Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba: Its Contributions to the Development of Intellectual and Scientific Life in Andalusia (317-422 AH / 929-1031 AD)

2025-10-17T18:41:22+02:00

This research focuses on studying the impact of the Umayyad Caliphate in Córdoba (929-1031 AD) on the development of intellectual and scientific life in Andalusia, and how this period contributed to the transfer of knowledge to Europe. The research problem lies in the absence of comprehensive studies that focus on the impact of the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia in the scientific and cultural fields, particularly regarding the role of Córdoba as a leading scientific center during the Middle Ages. The main question of this study is how did the Umayyad Caliphate in Córdoba contribute to the development of intellectual and scientific life in Andalusia, and what was its role in transferring this knowledge to Europe? The significance of this research lies in highlighting the role of the Umayyad Caliphate in supporting sciences and arts in Andalusia, and how this period contributed to the transmission of knowledge to Europe through translations, libraries, and scientific institutions.

The research methodology is based on the descriptive-analytical approach, examining historical and literary sources related to the Umayyad Caliphate, with a focus on its role in supporting sciences and intellectual thought in Andalusia, in addition to analyzing its cultural and scientific impact on Europe.

Christians of the Levant and Their Role in the Growth of Arab Nationalist Thought during the Reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II until the First Arab Congress (1876-1913 AD)

2025-10-17T18:45:42+02:00

The study deals with the major role played by the Christians of the Levant in the growth of Arab nationalist thought, which was the nucleus for the emergence of secret and public political associations in The late ninth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. In addition to the emergence of various unions, all of which aimed to keep pace with the cultural, intellectual and scientific development that the world had become at that time, in addition to independence from the Ottoman Empire, the Christians of the Levant had a prominent role in spreading Arab political and intellectual culture in the Arab countries in general, and the Levant in particular. The study also addresses the position of Sultan Abdul Hamid II on the nationalist associations that emerged in the early days of his reign, which were their opinions and ideas within the parliament, the most important voice of which was the Syrian politician Khalil Ghanem, who blatantly criticized Sultan Abdul Hamid II after the parliament was abolished and the constitution was suspended, citing the Ottoman-Russian war of 1877-1878 AD. This prompted Sultan Abdul Hamid II to issue an order to arrest him and all members of the nationalist movement, most of whom were Christians from the Levant, which prompted them to flee outside the Ottoman state. The study also discussed the short-term Arab-Ottoman harmony that the Arabs enjoyed under the rule of the members of the Committee of Union and Progress after the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1909 AD, which changed into hostility after the Unionists announced the policy of Turkification, and ultimately led to the holding of the First Arab Congress in Paris in 1913 AD, one of the most important decisions of which was separation from the Ottoman Empire.

Visions and Dreams among the Ancient Iraqis

2025-10-17T18:50:23+02:00

The civilization of the ancient Iraqis is one of the great and ancient civilizations due to its pride and sophistication. Sources have written about this civilization, both ancient and modern, and we find a lot of information about the ancient Iraqis and their great works. One of the most important pillars of this civilization is their interest in visions and dreams. This science has had a large share, and even created a share for itself among these sciences in this rich civilization, such as Assyria, Akkad, and Uruk. Perhaps this interest is due to the abundance of sciences that they had, as well as the presence of many figures in this ancient civilization which had an impact upon many sciences. Therefore, they consider visions and dreams to be important sanctities. Researchers and excavators have found many visions and dreams and their expressions in the writings of the people of the Tigris and Euphrates Valley. Then, due to their interest in visions and dreams, they considered these visions as gates of a sacred religious nature. Also, due to their interest in visions and dreams, they made for them temples of a sacred religious. Also, they make a special goddess for visions and dreams. The science of visions and dreams could not be put aside by the ancient people of Mesopotamia, but rather it was at the forefront of their religious and worldly lives, in which they gave a large space to various sciences, including this unseen science.

The Impact of the Tigris on the Construction of the City of Samarra

2025-10-17T18:56:09+02:00

Samarra is one of the ancient and great cities and capitals mentioned by most Muslim historians and countries as one of the most important cities and capitals of Iraq in the Abbasid era, which is located on the Tigris River. It was mentioned in the pre-Islamic era, but its importance increased during the Abbasid period, especially after it was made the capital of the Abbasid state during the period of Al-Mu'tasim Al-Has, from the rule of the Abbasid state and made it the capital of Baghdad in that period after the Turks took control of Baghdad.

Security and Political Measures in Foreign Affairs in the Emirate of Granada (701–733 AH / 1301–1332 AD)

2025-10-18T10:31:27+02:00

The Emirate of Granada, which represented the last stronghold of Muslims in the southern Iberian Peninsula, encompassed cities that had not fallen into the hands of the Christians. As such, it was imperative for Granada to protect Islam and Muslims, which required the establishment of a strong force capable of defending its land and people. To achieve this, Granada took political and security measures in its foreign relations, including the signing of treaties, making pacts, offering gifts, arranging marriages, deploying espionage tactics, military deceptions, and engaging in military battles with enemies seeking to seize its territory.

The research is divided into two main sections, followed by the conclusion outlining the findings. Historical sources and references were utilized, and a narrative historical approach was followed in presenting the research.

The Islamic Quraysh Leaders in the Battles of Badr and Uhud

2025-10-18T10:38:03+02:00

The two pivotal battles, Badr and Uhud, were crucial milestones in the early history of Islam, symbolizing resilience and steadfastness. In the Battle of Badr, the first confrontation occurred between the Muslims led by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the forces of Mecca. Despite being outnumbered, the Islamic forces emerged victorious, showcasing strategic planning and effective strategies in leadership.

As for the Battle of Uhud, it took place shortly after Badr and presented a challenging experience for the Muslims. They faced defeat in the initial battle, losing some prominent leaders. However, Prophet Muhammad and the Muslim leaders demonstrated exceptional ability in crisis management, reorganizing the forces, motivating the warriors, and rebuilding morale. This contributed to the success in the Battle of Uhud and reinforced confidence within the Islamic community.

Leadership in these battles manifested in the ability to adapt to challenges, effective planning, and inspiring and motivating the soldiers. This played a crucial role in achieving victories and strengthening the approach of resilience and perseverance among the Muslims in this critical phase of Islamic history.

In conclusion, the spilled blood in Badr and Uhud vividly reflects the stance of Quraysh and its leaders. It signifies their determination to maintain control over Mecca and the region, emphasizing that they would not allow a loss of influence. This is echoed by the martyrs among the Muhajireen and Ansar who fought in these battles.

Evaluation of Acting Performance Skill of tge Students in the College of Fine Arts

2025-10-18T10:42:09+02:00

The present research aims to study and analyze the skill of acting performance as an essential element in theatrical arts and to shed light on the most important foundations and standards through which this skill is evaluated. It is a process of evaluating and analyzing the level of mastery of the student actor in acting performance in the context of the theatrical work and focusing on a set of artistic and creative elements that reflect his ability to use the best of his tools (voice and body) and employ them with the requirements of the theatrical scene in an honest and convincing manner by showing the inner feelings in a tangible and influential way that reflects the quality of the student actor's performance and the extent of his influence on the recipient. Therefore, evaluation is an essential step in developing and improving the skill of acting performance, as it allows identifying its strengths and weaknesses, diagnosing and treating them. Therefore, the Department of Art Education at the College of Fine Arts seeks to increase the efficiency of its students and develop their skills through continuous evaluation of their projects, in order to qualify them and enable them to perform effectively in educational institutions. This paper is divided into four sections. Section one includes the methodological framework of the research. The second section includes the theoretical framework represented by the topics of evaluation and skill. The third section contains the methodology used in the study. The fourth section included the results and conclusions.

Community Partnership: An Approach for Achieving Public Education Funding in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Proposed Scenarios

2025-10-18T10:46:14+02:00

The current research aims to identify how to finance education and to identify the most important expected challenges to achieve financing school education in Hafar Al-Batin Governorate through community partnership in Hafar Al-Batin Governorate. Then, it intends to present proposed scenarios to achieve financing education through community partnership. The descriptive approach was relied upon using the Delphi method. The open questionnaire was applied to (10) male and female principals of secondary schools in Hafar Al-Batin Governorate. The results showed that education and awareness of the importance of community partnership to finance education and viewing education as a community responsibility that society must support are among the most important requirements for financing education through community partnership. The study also concluded that the lack of a clear mechanism to attract local community institutions is one of the most important challenges facing financing education through community partnership

Cognitive Wisdom and its Relationship to Social Intelligence among University Students

2025-10-18T10:51:24+02:00

The current research aims to identify cognitive wisdom among university students, differences in cognitive wisdom according to gender, knowledge of social intelligence among university students and differences according to gender. As well as knowing the correlation between cognitive wisdom and social intelligence. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the cognitive wisdom scale of Al-Samarrai, 2024, consisting of 15 paragraphs, and prepared the social intelligence scale consisting of 24 paragraphs. The researcher applied the two tools to the research sample that was randomly selected and consisting of (300) students from Tikrit University. The research results showed that university students have cognitive wisdom at an average level, and there is no difference in it according to gender. University students have social intelligence at an average level, and there are differences according to gender in favor of females. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between the two variables.

Students’ Self-care at the Preparatory School

2025-10-18T10:55:24+02:00

Neglecting self-care has a significant impact on the student's low level in all academic, educational and cultural aspects. It is common in most school environments, as it has played a role in the emergence of some behaviors and habits that are believed to create indifference towards the educational process and failure to perform the tasks assigned to the students with the required efficiency and skill. The current research aims to identify self-care among preparatory school students, as well as to identify the statistically significant differences in self-care among these students according to the gender variable (males - females). Also, it aims to identify the statistically significant differences in self-care among preparatory school students according to the branch variable (scientific - literary). To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built a self-care scale. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified. The discriminatory power of the scale items was also calculated using the T-Test for two independent samples. The relationship between the score of each item and the total score of the scale was also extracted using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Thus, the scale in its final form consisted of (51) items. The reliability of the scale was calculated using the retest method and Cronbach's alpha. After the researcher completed the scale preparation procedures, she applied the scale to the research sample consisting of 300 male and female preparatory-graders for the academic year 2023-2024. They were selected using the stratified random method, and they represent (38.860%) of the study community. The data were processed statistically using the statistical package (Spss) and with the assistance of a statistical expert. The results of the current research showed the following: -

1.The research sample of preparatory school students enjoy a high level of self-care.

2.There are statistically significant differences according to the gender variable (males - females) among preparatory school students in self-care, and there are no statistically significant differences according to the academic branch variable (scientific - literary) among middle school students in self-care.

In light of the results reached, the researcher formulated a number of recommendations and proposals.

Achievement Motivation and Its Relationship to the Psychological Stress among the Preparatory School Students

2025-10-18T10:59:46+02:00

The current paper aims at identifying the achievement motivation and its relationship to the psychological stress among the preparatory school students in Kalar district, Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It also aims at determining the statistically significant differences according to the variables of gender and specialization (scientific, literary). The researcher used the descriptive correlational approach in his paper due to its suitability for the nature of this study. The sample of this paper consisted of (400) male and female preparatory school students. The researcher prepared an achievement motivation scale, which consists of three dimensions (feeling of responsibility, perseverance, future planning), and also used the Al-Ja'afra (2016) scale for psychological stress to achieve the paper objectives. The psychometric properties of validity and reliability were extracted using statistical methods, including (Pearson correlation coefficient, chi-square, one-sample t-test, independent samples t-test). The conclusion showed a statistically significant difference in achievement motivation and psychological stress among the sample members, in addition to a statistically significant difference between males and females based on the variables of gender and specialization, with a correlational relationship between achievement motivation and psychological stress.

identity of success and Failure among middle school students

2025-10-18T11:04:30+02:00

The current research aims to identify the level of success identity and failure identity among the research sample of secondary school students in Sharqat and to identify the statistically significant differences according to the gender and specialization variables for the academic year (2023-2024). The researchers built a tool to measure success identity and a tool to measure failure identity. After extracting validity and calculating reliability, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient reached (0.88) and the retest (0.71) for success identity, while the failure identity reached (0.75) and the retest (0.72). Thus, the success identity scale became (30) paragraphs, and the failure identity scale (28) paragraphs in their final form for both scales. The two scales were applied to a random stratified sample of (280) male and female students. For the purpose of statistically processing the data, the researchers used Pearson's correlation coefficient and the t-test for one sample, and the t-test for the two independent samples. The results showed the presence of a level The average identity of success among middle school students. As for the identity of failure, it does not rise to the level of statistical significance, meaning that the research sample is not characterized by the identity of failure, and there are no statistically significant differences between males and females according to the gender variable, and there are no statistically significant differences between (scientific - literary) according to the specialization variable in the identity of success and the identity of failure, and the research came out with many recommendations and suggestions.

The University EFL Students’ Ethical Awareness and Their Achievement: Correlational Study

2025-10-18T16:58:27+02:00

This study investigates the correlation between ethical awareness and academic achievement among university students learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Recognizing that ethical values such as integrity, responsibility, and honesty play a fundamental role in shaping academic behavior, the research adopts a correlational design to analyze how these values influence students’ performance. Data were collected using questionnaires measuring ethical awareness and English language tests assessing academic achievement. Results revealed a significant positive relationship between students' ethical awareness and their academic success. Students who demonstrated higher ethical awareness achieved better scores in English proficiency, indicating that ethics play a critical role in learning outcomes. The study further highlights the importance of integrating ethical values into educational curricula and creating supportive learning environments to promote academic integrity. Based on the findings, recommendations include embedding ethical principles into EFL programs, offering workshops on academic honesty, and utilizing mentorship programs to reinforce ethical behavior. The research contributes to the growing field of educational ethics, providing insights for educators, policy makers, and academic institutions seeking to enhance both ethical and academic development in higher education.

Empowering English Learners: Implementing Effective Formative Assessment Strategies in Education

2025-10-18T16:58:16+02:00

This paper discusses how effectively implementing formative assessment strategies empowers English learners in their studies. The study looks into various assessment tools to be tried on respondents, including Kahoot, group discussion, and an online assessment tool. There were 10 EFL instructors and 50 students from two different universities in Erbil, Iraq who participated in the study. Student responses appear to indicate that the implementation of formative assessments is positively related to enhanced learning gains. The interviews with the instructors described various forms of formative assessment applied in an English language classroom currently. Whereas there are areas where shortcomings exist such as lack of time and alignment between assessments and curriculum standards, challenges are presented by formative assessments. In light of this, therefore, educators shall be provided with resources in incorporating the use of formative assessments into their teaching. Formative assessment proves to be efficient in enhancing confidence among learners enabling learners to make sense of main ideas or concepts and academically better performances among students, as has been shown in this paper. Yet, the reluctance of student participation still prevails. This research adopted mixed-methods approaches by way of interviews and questionnaires in the collection of data and test attitudes toward formative assessment. It would seem that one of the positive impacts brought about by formative assessment is student engagement and academic achievement in learning the English language.