Nassif, Nazhan Hammoud, and Hossam KAsay. “The Problem of Islamic Risk: According to the Western Vision Between Reality and Assumption ‘Historical Study’”. Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 25, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 118–135. Accessed July 15, 2026. https://jtuh.org/index.php/jtuh/article/view/613.