Sabti Alrubaie, Su,dad A. “The Political Situation in the Western State of Tripoli During the Second Ottoman Era 1835_1911”. Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 31, no. 3 (March 21, 2024): 391–410. Accessed October 29, 2025. https://jtuh.org/index.php/jtuh/article/view/3140.