shadah jameuh altikritiu, jinan ghayib and Saba’i Al-Subaihi, A. M. (2025) “manifestations of desertification in the Qayyarah district for the period (1990-2023) using some spectral indicators”, Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities, 32(2), pp. 158–179. doi: 10.25130/jtuh.32.2.2025.09.