Hamad Al-Obaidi, Attia Masaher, and Ahmed Abdel Mahmoud Miteb Al-Obaidi. 2023. “General Conditions in Beirut until the Outbreak of the First World War”. Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 30 (4, 2):284-303. https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.30.4.2.2023.16.