تكامل نظم المعلومات الجغرافية والاستشعار عن بعد في نمذجة العمليات المورفومناخية لحوض وادي الوشاش

Abstract

   The modern trend in geographical studies involves utilizing remote sensing data and geographic information system software in modeling geomorphological processes, particularly morphoclimatic processes, to identify areas most responsive to weather conditions. This is achieved by leveraging high-resolution satellite imagery of temperature, rainfall, and humidity data provided at the pixel level by satellites. Practical research and map construction face challenges due to insufficient climate data illustrating temperature variations and their impact on rock types, as well as the measurement of air temperature rather than surface temperature, leading to incomplete results regarding the temperature of each rock or land cover. This issue has been addressed using satellite imagery, specifically relying on channel 10 in the Landsat 8 satellite, to build the Land Surface Temperature (LST) model with a cell size of 100m. Rainfall amounts were determined using the GPM (Global Perception Measure) model with cell sizes of 250m, while humidity data relied on the Landsat 8 satellite to derive the Biological Crust Index (CL), based on the mathematical algorithm detailed in the research text. Therefore, this study serves as an initial attempt to identify areas most responsive and sensitive to climatic elements and model them cartographically by integrating geographic information systems and remote sensing data. The study found that rock type plays a significant role in responding to climatic conditions, with some rocks having dissolution capabilities and others having disintegration abilities. The study area is characterized by rocks prone to weathering and disintegration, with modern technologies playing a crucial role in detecting areas more sensitive to chemical weathering by providing abundant pixel-level data on surface temperatures, rainfall amounts, and humidity indicators.