Population Diversity in Syria 1920-1946
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Syrian society, like all other societies in general and the Arab society in particular, consists of population groups that differ in their religious, sectarian and ethnic affiliations, as well as their geographical distribution in the Syrian country, between urban, rural and mountainous, in addition to their different political, economic and social conditions. This diversity was characterized to a large extent by understanding and harmony with respect for the specificities of each group, and the pride of each sect or minority in its ethnic and religious affiliation, and this situation continued, until it changed clearly with the fall of Syria under the French mandate.
It became clear that the policy of the French Mandate was in a clear oscillation between preserving the unity of Syria on the one hand, and encouraging separatist tendencies and perpetuating sectarianism on the other hand. The sect is what determines the course of the mandate policy in Syria in general.
The Mandate attempted to strip the character of the community or nation from the general population and replace it with the concept of ethnic and sectarian entities. Although this policy was confronted by the Syrian society, we cannot deny that the scale of this resistance was not as strong as the French Mandate policy, due to many political and economic reasons. And cultural accumulated as a result of the Ottoman presence and then the French mandate.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
College of Education for Humanities, TIKRIT UNIVERSITY. THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
References
Muhannad Khudair Ali Hamid al-Amiri, Conditions of Trade in Syria During the French Mandate Period 1920-1946, Journal of the College of Education for Human Sciences, Issue 6, Volume 28, 2021.
Kamel Al-Ghazi, The Gold River in the History of Aleppo, Part 1, Dar Al-Qalam, Aleppo, 1, 1991.
Ali Rostom, The Syrian Experience in Population Censuses, Central Bureau of Statistics, Damascus.
Aisha al-Dabbagh, Intellectual Life in Aleppo in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century, MA thesis (unpublished), American University of Beirut, 2012.
Abdel Moneim Al-Ahmad, Social and Economic Life in the City of Aleppo during the French Mandate period 1920-1946, PhD thesis (unpublished), Damascus University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, 2004.
Wajih Kawtharani, The Levant at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century Population, Economy, Palestine and the Zionist Project, Reading in French Diplomatic Documents, Arab Center for Research and Studies, Beirut, 3rd Edition, 2013.
Quoted from: Ali Sultan, History of Syria at the end of Turkish rule 1908-1918, a social, economic and cultural study, Dr. D., Damascus, 1991.
Iyad Adel Khalaf, Political, Economic and Social Developments in Syria 1936-1946, unpublished MA thesis, Benha University, Faculty of Arts, 2019.
Ministeredes Affaires Etrangeres, Rapport surla situationde lasyrie et du liban, juilletl 1922, juillet 1923.
Kamal Al-Salibi, Modern History of Lebanon, Dar Al-Nahda Publishing, Beirut, 7th edition, 1991.
Ihsan Hindi, Battle of Maysaloun, Press of the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and National Guidance, Damascus, 1967.
Hikmat Ali Ismail, The French Mandate System for Syria 1920-1928, Research on the History of Syria through Documents, presented by: Muhammad Khair Fares, Dar Tlass, Damascus, 1998.
The Syrian Capital Newspaper, Issue 155, September 16, 1920.
Sati’ al-Husari, Yom Maysaloon, a page from the history of the modern Arabs, al-Kashshaf Library and Press, Beirut, 2nd edition.
Adeeb Farhat, Syria and Lebanon, Al-Furqan Press, Beirut, 2, 1924.
Abdel Karim Ghorabiya, Syria in the Nineteenth Century, The League of Arab States, Institute of Arab International Studies, Cairo, 1962.
The Official Gazette of the Syrian Republic, Issue 4, February 28, 1935.
Syrian Ministry of National Economy, Syrian Statistical Group for the year 1944, Governmental Press, Damascus, 1945.
Stephen Hamsley Longrieg, History of Syria and Lebanon under the French Mandate, translated by: Pierre Akl, Dar Al Haqiqa, Beirut, 1978.
Salma Murad Bey, The Papers of Jamil Murad Bey, The Independence of Syria 1939-1945, Publications Company for Distribution and Publishing, Beirut, 1994.
Wael Adnan Muhammad Al-Hasani, Khaled Al-Azm, his biography and role in Syrian politics 1903-1965, Dar Al-Amal Al-Jadeed, Damascus, 2015.
Sabah Alakom Musa, Sheikh Taj al-Din al-Hasani and his role in the contemporary history of Syria, a master's thesis (unpublished), College of Education, University of Qadisiyah, 2007.
Sami Marwan Mobayed, The Forgotten History of Damascus, Four Stories 1916-1936, Riad Al Rayes Publishing, Beirut, 2016.
Bariq Abbas Obaid Al-Rawi, Social and Cultural Life in Syria 1920-1946, MA thesis (unpublished), College of Arts, University of Anbar, 2016.
Albert Hourani, Arab Thought in the Renaissance 1789-1939, translated by: Karim Azqoul, Dar Al-Nahar Publishing, Beirut, 1968.
Youssef Al-Hakim, Syria and the Ottoman Era, Dar Al-Nahar Publishing, Beirut, 4th edition, 1991.
Munir al-Sharif, the Alawites, who are they? Where are they, Dr. D., Beirut, 2nd Edition, 1991.
Mahmoud Shaker, The Islamic World, The Arab Region, Bilad al-Sham and Iraq, The Islamic Bureau, Beirut, 2nd Edition, 1988.
Syrian Ministry of National Economy, Syrian Statistical Group for the year 1944, previous source.
Muhammad Kamel Hussein, The Druze Sect, Its History and Beliefs, Dar Al Maaref, Egypt, 1962.
Hanna Abi Rashid, Jabal Al-Druze and Sultan Pasha Al-Atrash, Zidan Library.
The New York Times, 24/11/2015.
Ersat Hurmuzlu,The Turkmens of the middle east,Turkish policy Quarterly,2015.
M.Proux. Les Teherkesses dans, La france me diterraneenne et Africaine, Paris,1939.
F.O, 1102/1/51, Confidential ,British Legation, Damascus,3 jun,1951.
Pierrer Rondot, Les Kurdes de Syrie, dans la france mediterranee-nneet africaine, Paris, 1939.
B.Lewis,the Assassins,aradical sectin islam, London,1967.
Ministeredes Affaires Etrangeres, Rapport surla situationde lasyrie et du liban, juilletl 1922,Juillet 1923.